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食药监总局:“冰毒”居滥用药物首位? 青少年成高危人群?

2017-08-11 18:26:48   央广网

男性、35岁以下、初中及以下文化程度、无业者也是药物滥用的高危人群,其中初中及以下低学历者占全部监测数据的81.5%,占新发生滥用人群的79.4%。报告建议,也应进一步加强对初中及以下文化程度的青少年的预防宣传教育工作。

2016年各地区新发生人群主要滥用各类药物比例

海洛因滥用人群复发率高多药问题严重

近5年来,海洛因滥用人群占全部滥用人群的比例呈逐年下降趋势,由2012年的74.4%降至2016年的45.0%。但记者从数据中注意到,海洛因滥用势头虽得到进一步遏制,但仍需要关注较高的复发率,有复发经历者占63.1%。

其中,戒毒3次及以上者占复发人群的23.0%。报告提示,海洛因滥用人群的戒毒康复、防复发仍是禁吸戒毒工作的重要内容。

2016年各地区新发生人员占药物滥用监测人群的比例

另外,新发生药物滥用人群获得滥用药物的途径主要是“同伴”(65.0%)、“黑市”(15.0%)以及“娱乐场所”(11.7%)。从新发生药物滥用人群地区分布来看,东北地区新发生人群所占比例高达40.4%,西北地区新发生人群所占比例最低。

而在新发生人群滥用物质种类也表现出地区差异,西北地区主要滥用药物是传统毒品(64.7%),但较2015年(65.5%)有所降低;其他地区主要滥用合成毒品,其中华东地区、东北地区和华中地区的滥用比例在90%以上。

据悉,该系统共采集全年31个省(区、市)药物滥用监测调查表27.6万份,主要检测对象包括强制隔离戒毒机构、禁毒执法机构、美沙酮维持治疗门诊、自愿戒毒机构、社区戒毒机构、精神专科医院和综合医院。

名词解释

什么是药物滥用(drug abuse)?

药物滥用(物质滥用)指非医疗目的反复、大量地使用具有依赖特性的药物 (或物质),使用者对此类药物产生依赖 (瘾癖),强迫和无止境地追求药物的特殊精神效应,由此带来严重的个人健康与公共卫生和社会问题。

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