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谭良啸:刘备不是爱哭鬼

2017-08-11 10:48:32   中国青年网

最后一次,是“赐刘封死,为之流涕”。谭良啸说,从刘备赐刘封死的涕哭,读到的是政治家的无奈。刘备在荆州时因“未有继嗣,养封为子”。但是刘封“有武艺,气力过人”,将兵征战因功位至副军将军,而太子刘禅庸弱。为了蜀汉以后的安稳,避免诸子争位,刘封因其罪不至死而被赐死,刘备在无奈中动了恻隐之心。这哭,表现出他心存体恤,仍有着仁慈的情感。

《三国演义》捧杀一代枭雄

谭良啸说,刘备因六件事涕哭,其中三件是疼惜人才的亡失,一件体现的是仁义感恩,一件是对功业迟迟无建树的哀叹,一件是为基业的安稳舍去养子而伤悲。解读刘备的哭,可以归纳为:一是他的仁德,二是他对创建霸业的执着,三是他渴求人才,爱才、痛才,四是为了霸业稳固,他宁愿舍弃养子。这就是史籍记录的刘备的哭所阐释的意义。

如果说这些哭都含有真情实感的流露,那《三国演义》中刘备的哭,则被认为一部分哭系因政治、军事斗争之需而采用的一种手段、一种策略,给人留下假、伪的印象;一部分哭虽然有真情又因其无限制的夸张而成为真情假意混淆,让人难以信服。最终,反而揭示出刘备枭雄的诡诈、伪善。

但谭良啸表示,《三国演义》本身是希望用哭的形式来凸显历史人物刘备的仁德、义气,只是过犹不及、弄巧反拙。毕竟一个在乱世中闯荡厮杀的男人,遇事动辄就涕泣流泪,显得多么的怯懦和无能。这些过分的哭,也成为该书的败笔。

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