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交通部出台意见鼓励汽车分时租赁 盘点各国如何管理租车市场

2017-08-10 14:27:42   央广网

首先把目光投向美国。美国被誉为“汽车轮子上的国度”,几乎家家户户都至少有一辆车,不过,近年来共享汽车也开始风靡大都市。据中国国际广播电台驻美国记者罗来明介绍,在美国提供共享汽车服务的公司最常见的有两家,一家叫Zipcar,一家叫Car2Go。两家公司都提供分时租赁,并且都替客户承担汽油费用,但具体服务条款上还存在着不小区别,分别针对了不同的市场需求。Zipcar的公司规模相对较大一点,在美国30多个城市均有布局。它的收费模式是按小时收费,像本田思域和大众高尔夫这样的普通轿车,费用大概是每小时10美元。绝大部分情况下,客户预约成功后,需要在固定的地点取车和还车,不鼓励A点借车B点还车的使用方式。相比Zipcar的三十多种车型选择而言,Car2Go的车型比较有限,常见的好像只有奔驰Smart一种。它的服务是按分钟收费,折合成1小时比Zipcar贵了很多。但它的优点是客户无需在固定地点取车还车,而是像国内的共享单车,只要发现身边有车就可以预约,在比较大的城市范围内,无论开到哪里都可以随时停车终止服务。

说到新能源汽车的推广,在美国主要体现在私家车层面,影响十分有限;在汽车共享服务的层面,新能源车也没有得到大范围推广。考虑到美国目前燃油成本比较低,而大规模布设充电桩和更换车型又会产生额外的费用,相信共享汽车公司也会算好账再做决策。

再看另一个汽车制造大国德国。德国传统汽车租赁公司拥有多年历史,整体发展也相对成熟,但也意味着长期处于发展瓶颈状态。全球华语广播网特约观察员张舜衡介绍,现在新能源的共享汽车已经开始在德国市面发挥作用。随着城市汽车的拥堵情况越来越严重和共享经济的诞生,按天计算、固定还车点的传统租车方式流程繁琐、用户体验不高。而且在德国,公共基础交通本身已经非常发达,顾客按天来租车的大部分时间还是被闲置浪费掉,一家名为“欧洲汽车”的传统租车公司不愿坐以待毙,而是率先市场改革,联合奔驰汽车旗下的Smart车厂共同合作推出城市新能源汽车分时租车项目Car2go。租车程序非常简单,用户先用手机软件锁定附近停靠的Car2go汽车,在汽车挡风玻璃前的智能读卡器上扫描一下用户卡,租车计时便会自动开始。汽车可在城区范围内行驶,并在任意公共停车位免费停车。抵达目的地后,用户再扫描一下用户卡,租车即告结束,车钥匙留在车内。租车费用由智能卡自动从用户的银行账号上扣除。新能源共享租车的服务主要针对城区交通,避免了电动车里程有限的“短板”。

最后到南半球的澳大利亚去看一看。澳大利亚的汽车租赁行业十分成熟,去异地旅游、办公、搬家运货等情况下都会使用租车服务。相对于传统的租车行业,以小时为单位的分时租赁业务也开始受到欢迎,越来越多的传统租赁公司开辟了共享服务。据全球华语广播网特约澳洲观察员胡方介绍,相对于传统的租车行业,澳大利亚现在也兴起了汽车分时租赁业务,这种新的租车模式可以以小时为单位让你租车,而不再需要以天数为单位长期租。除了由传统的租车行业巨头转型而来的共享分时租赁之外,一些新型的主打分时租赁的公司近几年来也应运而生。而且由于一些概念的创新,分时租赁标准的市场也有所不同,比如绿色共享租车公司就将业务转向了大学校园,提供扫描校园卡租车的服务。现在澳大利亚租车行业的趋势是传统租车业渗透入分时共享行业,几乎所有旧的租车公司都开始开展了共享服务,而新兴的分时共享行业也在向传统租车行业反渗透,比如绿色共享租车公司也推出了周末三天整租套餐,以此来维持自己的生存。

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