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专家剖析“共有产权”背后法律焦点问题

2017-08-10 03:33:37   中国青年网

北京理工大学法学院副教授、中国民法学研究会副秘书长孟强解释说,物权法对物权的共有作出了规定。不动产或者动产可以由两个以上单位、个人共有。共有包括按份共有和共同共有。按份共有人对共有的不动产或者动产按照其份额享有所有权。

“《北京市共有产权住房管理暂行办法》规定的是按份共有形态,是对于政策性商品住房,由政府与购房人双方主体之间的按份共有。也就是,在房屋销售时,根据项目销售均价占同地段、同品质普通商品住房价格的比例,就确定了购房人所享有的产权份额和政府所享有的产权份额。”孟强告诉《法制日报》记者。

“共有产权住房是将住房保障制度与市场机制有机结合的一种制度尝试。通过政府持有部分份额的方式进行让利,从而有效降低初次购房者的支付压力和还贷压力。”住建部委托中国社科院研究项目“共有产权住房研究”核心成员、中国社科院城市与竞争力研究中心研究员邹琳华告诉《法制日报》记者。

在邹琳华看来,相对于商品房,就共有产权住房而言,政府除了折价入股外,还存在一些隐形补贴,加上降低初次购房者的支付压力和还贷压力,“如果定价合理,一房难求或摇号申购都可能是常态”。

共有产权权益如何分

在浏览征求意见稿全文时,李亮对有的条款一眼就能够看明白,对有的条款则不是很明白。

比如,共有产权住房购房人取得不动产权证未满5年的,不允许转让房屋产权份额,因特殊原因确需转让的,可向原分配区住房城乡建设委(房管局)提交申请,由代持机构回购。回购价格按购买价格并考虑折旧和物价水平等因素确定。回购的房屋继续作为共有产权住房使用。

根据征求意见稿,共有产权住房购房人取得不动产权证满5年的,可按市场价格转让所购房屋产权份额。购房人取得不动产权证满5年,也可按市场价格购买政府份额后获得商品住房产权。

对此,邹琳华的解释是,共有产权住房与商品房本质上并无不同。二者的主要差别在于,共有产权住房把商品房的折价部分明确为政府的“股份”,同时规范了5年后上市的退出机制。

也就是说,共有产权住房在5年后上市出售时,除了按约定份额上交部分收益,还应当按政府份额上交部分本金。

邹琳华举了一个例子,比如,共有产权房初始购房定价为70万元一套,而当时同等商品房市场参考价为100万元,共有产权房中政府份额确定为30%。5年后这套房子上市出售时,如果市场价上涨为200万元,则需要上交给政府的金额为:30万元(本金中的政府份额)+30万元(收益部分的30%)=60万元。

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