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打造超级智能社会

2017-08-09 05:35:20   中国青年网

第三,以客观依据为基础,有效扩大官民共同研发投资。

为有效利用政府研发投资、吸引民间投资,提高官民共同投资的实施效果,对研发投资及其实施效果进行“可视化”评价,构建和活用能够提供重要政策课题判断素材的“证据系统”,科学合理配置科技资源。根据《科学技术基本计划》探讨相关指标,跟进和公开相关数据,依据客观数据实现创新政策的“计划-实施-检查-处理”良性循环。

3、政策评价

为落实《第五期科学技术基本计划》,2016年和2017年的《综合战略》虽然都将实现超级智能社会5.0作为核心战略目标,但相比《综合战略2016》,《综合战略2017》将“扩大科技创新领域官民共同投资”单独拿出作为重点任务,不得不说这是日本政府意图推动本国科技发展的现实选择。

近年来,日本政府财政状况不断恶化,科技领域政府研发投入低迷,阻碍了技术基础研究领域的可持续发展。这使得日本政府在急需扩充政府研发投入的同时(2020年政府研发投入额实现4兆4千亿日元),也越来越重视撬动民间资本投资研发领域。日本政府希望通过提高研发领域官民共同投资的积极性,实现科研经费强度达到GDP占比4%的硬性目标。

但是,由于日本各部委在业务上的独立性较强,且各部委和内阁府的预算均由财务省审批,内阁府对各部委的约束力并不是很强。内阁府此项举措能否在各部委的政策制定中形成真正的带动效果,并进一步带动民间资本投资科研领域还有待继续观察。同时,日本政府的此项举措对我国今后仍需加大研发投入力度,重点加强基础研究发展方面也具有深刻的启示意义。

就相关统计数据来看,首先,我国研发费用投入的整体规模已经超过日本,但我国的研发投入强度一直偏低,2013年刚刚超过2%,2014年也仅为2.05%。而日本在20世纪80年代初期已经达到2.26%,2014年更是上升到3.87%。

其次,日本的基础研究在整个研发投入中的占比一直维持在13%以上。相比之下,我国基础研究在研发投入中的比重一直徘徊在5%上下,中日两国之间一直存在较大差距。即便是在这种形势下,在《综合战略2017》中,日本政府仍然强调不断加大研发投入强度,将基础研究定位为“创新源泉”,呼吁官民共同加快对基础研究的投资。

日本政府长期重视研发投入,强调基础研究的重要性,2010年之后更是将强化基础研究作为科技领域的长期发展战略等政策导向。与此同时,日本政府、科研院所、民间企业在基础研究领域也各取所长、密切配合、系统推进。比如,在《第五期科学技术基本计划》中,日本提出要将基于研究人员内在动力的纯学术研究,创新产生跨学科、多领域融合的新的学术研究领域,在更广泛领域内提升创新产出的可能性。从挑战性、综合性、融合性以及国际性的角度,推进学术研究,使学术研究能够承担社会需求。同时,对于仅仅依靠企业无法完全实现的未知领域,以及需要不同领域协作、不同学科融合进一步推进的基础研究领域,由政府层面制定政策战略,进行满足国家整体发展需求的战略性基础研究。而此次《综合战略2017》中,又从强调民间企业积极投入符合产业发展需求的基础研究的角度,促进基础研究发展。

可以看出,日本政府不断探索、创新、实施推动本国基础研究发展的策略,并逐渐形成研究人员兴趣驱动型、政府战略驱动型、产业需求驱动型“三位一体”的基础研究系统推进模式。实践已经证明,这种系统推进模式对不断提高日本产业核心技术创新能力,起到了重要的促进作用。基础研究推进需要长期的积累过程,我国尚处于科技领域追赶阶段,日本一直以来的发展经验,应该使我们更加坚信加大研发投入、强化基础研究,从而产生持续性的技术创新源泉,是提高我国国际竞争力的必由之路。

(作者:李慧敏 单位:中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院)

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