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银行债转股子公司注册资本最低100亿 需纳并表管理

2017-08-08 10:28:34   央广网

曾刚告诉澎湃新闻,从并表角度来说,资产是在银行表内还是在债转股公司没有实质区别。资产到了债转股公司,后续的转股、重组以及退出空间才变成了可能。不过,后续事情是无法在银行表内完成的。

“说到底,这是给了银行一张非银行机构(股权投资和管理)的牌照,扩大了银行债权管理和增殖的空间。”

注册资本方面,实施机构应当一次性实缴货币资本,最低限额为100亿元人民币或等值的可自由兑换货币。银监会根据审慎监管的要求,可以调整注册资本最低限额,但不得少于前款规定的限额。商业银行作为出资人,其入股资金为自有资金,不得以债务资金和委托资金等非自有资金入股。

100亿元的注册资本下限并不是一个小数目,2017年7月27日,银监会正式批准设立农银金融资产投资有限公司。农业银行方面表示,该公司注册资本100亿元,是迄今为止农业银行体系内注册资本金规模最大的全资子公司。

曾刚告诉澎湃新闻,目前阶段,保持一定门槛还是有必要的。债转股实施机构不能吸收存款,也不能让主出资人提供资金(包括理财资金)支持,发金融债要经营三年以上,私募股权机构的资质还要证监会审批。“这点资本金真的不够用,大行的机构很快都要增资的。”

此外,银监会还对其他境内法人机构作为实施机构的出资人设置了准入门槛。比如,其他境内法人机构为非金融机构的,最近1年年末总资产不低于50亿元人民币,最近1年年末净资产不得低于总资产的 30%;财务状况良好,最近2个会计年度连续盈利;入股资金为自有资金,不得以债务资金和委托资金等非自有资金入股。

业务范围比AMC更窄,债转股收入占比不得低于50%

商业银行新设债转股实施机构的业务范围有所扩充,但比AMC的范围更狭窄。

2017年7月20日,银监会已正式批准设立建信金融资产投资有限公司(建信投资),该公司为主要从事市场化债转股及配套支持业务的子公司,也是首家获批成立的银行市场化债转股实施机构。

批复文件显示,在银监会关于商业银行新设债转股实施机构相关管理办法出台之前,该公司的业务范围是:突出开展债转股及配套支持业务;依法依规面向合格社会投资者募集资金用于实施债转股;发行金融债券,专项用于债转股;经银监会批准的其他业务。

8月7日公布的意见稿将“债转股及配套支持业务”这一表述放到了总概括的位置。在各项具体业务上,除了前述三点,即还新增了6点,分别为:以债转股为目的收购银行对企业的债权;将债权转为股权并对股权进行管理,对于未能转股的债权进行重组、转让、处置等必要管理;通过债券回购、同业拆借、同业借款等方式融入资金;对自有资金和募集资金进行必要的投资管理;自有资金可以开展存放同业、拆放同业、购买国债或其他固定收益类证券等业务;募集资金使用应符合资金募集用途;与债转股业务相关的财务顾问和咨询业务。

曾刚告诉澎湃新闻,原以为债转股实施机构是新成立的银行系资产管理公司,当初设想的是,如果债转股实施机构还有不良资产处置的话,那么它的业务空间可能会比较大,在不良资产处置方面也可以通过债转股的方式进行处理。但现在看来,这一机构的业务空间比当初设想的要小一些。

意见稿指出,实施机构应以债转股业务为主业,全年主营业务占比或者主营业务收入占比原则上不应低于总业务或者总收入的50%。具体统计监测和考核办法由银监会另行规定。

“从业务范围的限制上来看,几大国有行债转股子公司好像不是AMC,这也应该可以解释此前更名的问题”,曾刚指出,债转股实施机构不是AMC的简单重复。与原来预期的银行系AMC相比较,债转股实施机构被局限在了债转股相关的操作领域当中。“这也不排除做大了以后,发展空间很大。”

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