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这样吃药很不安全

2017-08-08 06:35:51   中国青年网

蒋宇利强调,使用中西复方制剂时要注意:第一,中西药成分的安全性,如新复方大青叶片含异戊巴比妥,长期使用可能会形成药物依赖;第二,避免药物过量,联合用药时应考虑相同成分或功效类似组分的剂量叠加,避免药物过量或毒性协同作用的发生,如大多感冒药含有乙酰氨基酚,中药复方感冒剂也含有此成分,若中西药一起吃,会导致体内乙酰氨基酚过量;第三,要减少药物相互作用:用药时应注意中西药复方制剂各组分与其他药品的相互作用。如某些药物为单胺氧化酶抑制剂或肝酶抑制剂,可能使与其合用的其他药物血液浓度上升。

解热镇痛药,要防胃肠损害

《报告》提醒,胃肠损害是解热镇痛抗炎药最为常见的不良反应,占比高达44.8%,尤其是长期或较大剂量应用,可能导致胃肠溃疡、穿孔和出血。其中尤以阿司匹林引起的胃肠道出血病例居多,应引起关注。

蒋宇利介绍,解热镇痛抗炎药中最常用的是阿司匹林,其解热、镇痛、抗炎作用强,适用于普通感冒引起的发热,也可缓解疼痛,如牙痛、神经痛等。阿司匹林也更常用于血液黏稠的心脑血管疾病患者。常服该药者要注意保护肠胃,否则会引起胃肠黏膜糜烂、出血甚至溃疡。

蒋宇利表示,吃阿司匹林不安全的高危人群有:有消化性溃疡病史,年龄大于65岁,有幽门螺杆菌感染,有胃胀、腹痛、食欲不振等症状,长期精神压力大、焦虑。蒋宇利提醒,经常服用阿司匹林的患者要同时服用一些保护胃肠黏膜的药;间隔一段时间就停药几天,其间,可用其他类型的药物替代;发现上腹疼痛、黑便等症状时要及时就诊。除阿司匹林外,乙酰氨基酚过量也可能带来肝肾损伤,一般建议体温超过38.5℃才吃退烧药,可根据症状多次服用,遵照医嘱。

儿童输液更需谨慎

《报告》中显示,2016年儿童严重药品不良反应/事件报告涉及的药品剂型分布中,注射剂占90.8%。蒋宇利说,儿童作为一个特殊群体,脏器和组织结构的生理功能尚未发育完全,加上免疫力低,药物代谢酶分泌不足或缺少,血浆蛋白结合能力差,对水、电解质的代谢功能较差,对药物的敏感性和耐受性与成人比较差。输液药剂里也容易混进一些微粒,直接输入体内无法代谢出去,长期积累会对身体造成危害。因此对儿童使用注射给药的风险较大。

蒋宇利表示,儿童输液要在医生的指导下合理用药,能选用口服、外用药时就不选用注射给药。需注意的是,某些急症患者,以及使用没有口服药的抗生素应在医生指导下谨慎输液。

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