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刚需药是怎样“谈”进医保的

2017-08-07 03:31:36   中国青年网

为何中国进口专利药价格较高?专家认为,一方面与中国的药品专利制度有关,另一方面还在于外资药品的一些超国民待遇。有的外资药品即使过了专利保护期,也在公立医院药品集中采购过程中享受最高价格层次待遇,占尽优势。

此次价格谈判成功的36种药品,多数仍处于专利保护期中,有31种西药和5种中成药,其中抗肿瘤药占据半壁江山。记者统计发现,这些药品共涉及10余家国外药企,不少药品仅2015年的在华销售额,就高达上亿甚至十几亿元。

例如,赫赛汀2015年的销售额为19.12亿元;罗氏的另一款治疗肺癌药品厄洛替尼,经谈判降价58%,2015年的销售额为6.24亿元;此外,阿斯利康、葛兰素史克、拜耳等国外知名药企的部分药品,价格也有不同程度的下降。

进入医保目录的乙类药品,患者只需部分自付,而具体报销比例根据各地政策和具体药品有所不同。吉林医保局局长金华说,患者自付一小部分,医保基金承担大部分费用,谈判达成的支付标准使得药品价格大幅下降,进一步减轻了患者经济负担。

制度创新 公平谈判

英国《金融时报》报道称,制药公司经过“漫长”和“十分艰难”的谈判后降价,凸显出世界各大制药公司正配合中国政府降低药价的行动,尽管这使一些产品的营收增长放缓。

今年4月,人社部公布了44种拟谈判药品的名单。从最终结果来看,谈判的成功率达到81.8%。有报道称,谈判现场很安静、很严肃,砍价特别狠,超出企业的预期,一些企业人士满头大汗地扶着墙出来。

从筹备到实施,短短4个月的时间,如何才能谈出成果?深度参与此次谈判工作的中国药科大学教授丁锦希指出,作为药品医保准入的首次国家谈判,许多工作无先例可循,需要借鉴国际经验并结合中国国情作出开创性的制度设计。

据人社部相关负责人和参与谈判工作的专家介绍,谈判前,医保方的两组专家,分别从药物的经济性和医保基金的承受能力两方面进行评估测算。一方面分析药品的临床价值、周边市场价格、同类药品参比等;另一方面利用医保运行“大数据”,测算谈判药品纳入目录后对医保基金的影响,在此基础上提出建议,作为谈判的主要依据。

药企方面,则要根据申报清单提交药品信息、药品价格等材料。同时,医保方也会将专家审核评估的结论以及药品进入目录后支付范围和政策条件反馈给企业,允许企业提出修改意见。

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