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制造业逃离珠三角真相:高端智能化 中低端小型化

2017-08-05 10:01:32   央广网

提供工业4.0咨询服务的西门子以顾问的身份,对海能达制造环节进行了诊断。“根据诊断,我们改进的大部分都是信息化的工作。自动化的工作是好做的,上设备就能解决,但自动化只是工业3.0,自动化结合信息化才是工业4.0。而信息化需要结合自身生产特性,进行个性化开发,不是单靠买软件就能解决的。”曾华说。

目前,在海能达全球制造基地里,自动化产线仍是主流,已投入使用的智能化产线仅完成了工业4.0所需的1/4的改造进程,但是效果已经颇为明显。曾华说:“我们每年投入1.5亿元改造制造环节,每年产出增长40%至50%,费用率(投资/产出)最多增长30%,说明收益大于投入,投资是值得的。”

目前,在智能化产线上,仍然有部分环节的工作是由人工完成的。对此,车固勇说:“在智能化过程中,我们不是一次性完成投资,而是分批次投资。因为,现阶段,在有些环节上投资1块钱,可能省4块钱,但在有些环节上投资1块钱,只能省5毛钱。搞智能制造不能一头热,要事先想好,系统地规划,分步去实施,才能确保财务上有收益。”

中低端制造业

小型化+外迁 降低生产成本

与高端制造业加大投资,提高生产效率形成鲜明对比的是,为降低生产成本,保住利润率,珠三角中低端制造业规模收缩、产能外迁的态势愈发明显。

深圳华强聚丰电子科技有限公司(以下简称“华强PCB”)是一家以生产小批量印制电路板(PCB)为主业的工厂,主要是为企业研发阶段生产测试件。“最小的订单,比如做测试件,5片10片都做。”该公司负责人章新华说。

当前,为了在激烈的市场竞争中获胜,华强PCB的承诺就一个字:快。章新华说:“快很重要。因为一个研发工程师的日薪要1000元以上。如果一个测试件订单来了,要好几天才能交货,不仅增加客户的研发费用,也拉长了客户的研发周期。我们能做到24小时内交货,不让研发工程师等。”

章新华告诉记者,他们位于深圳宝安区的工厂刚刚升级换代,为了提高生产效率,新上了很多自动化设备,并优化了生产流程布局,减少了三到四成人力投入。“我们这个行业经过这几年的淘汰,都在转向精细化管理。要是现在还用以前那种粗犷式的管理方式,说不定哪个环节没搞好就没钱赚了。”

“我们这类电子厂,尤其是接大批量订单的,很多都在往内地其他地方转移,迁到重庆、黄石、赣州、广德、铜陵等地方。”章新华说,“像我们这种接小批量订单的现在还在这边,但未来也会转向内地。毕竟我们是制造业,在珠三角成本还是高。”

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