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网络母乳交易市场调查:卖家不少 是否安全难以保证

2017-08-05 06:33:06   国际在线

徐莹认为,从客体的属性上来说,母乳不是一般意义上的商品。即使母乳的提供者、售卖者承诺其母乳卫生、安全,但也不能排除母乳提供者存在自己尚未了解的疾病,也不能保障母乳在包装、储存和运输等各个环节的卫生安全,“由于售卖母乳属于非法交易,一旦出现相关疾病的传染等安全问题,各方均要承担相应的法律责任”。

对于因分娩并发症缺乏母乳的陈女士来说,母乳却是货真价实的“奢侈品”,她一直都给孩子喂进口奶粉,一罐400克的进口配方奶粉,价格在150元左右,“按照如今食量和冲奶配比,这样一罐奶粉没几天就吃完了。如果可以从正规渠道买到母乳,而且价格也差不多的话,母乳的营养肯定要比奶粉好”。

母乳是否可以通过正规渠道购买?《法制日报》记者了解到,目前有医院建有母乳库。

对于母乳库的建设,负责北京首家公立医院母乳库的北京协和医院儿科副主任李正红认为,从国内现有母乳库的运转情况来看,捐赠量少几乎成为“通病”。对于母乳捐赠者将会有严格的筛查流程,“比献血还要严格,包括不能吸烟、不能喝酒、无不良生活习惯,并且是在没有吃药、没有慢性疾病的情况下。另外,要提供6个月内在三甲医院所做的血液检查结果,像乙肝、梅毒、艾滋病等项目都要查。如果没有做过,就必须要先做,结果是阴性才行。这一套化验下来,需要好几百元,只能由母乳库承担”。

然而,母乳在熟人之间的相互“接济”甚至是网络平台上交易却一直屡见不鲜。

“私下接受母乳往往没办法做相关筛查,也就不能保证安全。”李正红坦言,“有的人不认为或者不知道自己患有一些疾病,如乙肝、丙肝,可能平时觉察不出。正常情况下,在孕期通过打免疫球蛋白进行阻断的乙肝妈妈,孩子在出生后同时接受乙肝疫苗和免疫球蛋白就可以使乙肝的阻断率达到90%以上,喂养自己的孩子是可以的。但她的母乳可能并不适合给别的孩子吃,因为其他孩子没有做过阻断,体内没有相应抗体。”她表示,行业能否健康发展,很大程度上取决于标准化程度和监管力度,而科研型母乳库本身就是在为今后制定标准提供参考。

“比如说吃饭,在自家吃饭可以,但是到陌生人家,还是要慎重,人们往往更愿意去正规的饭店吃,因为更有保障。这个比喻可能不是十分恰当,但是也说明了行业规范的重要性。”李正红说,这么做的最大好处是产品可溯源,“比如说我去正规饭店吃,结果拉肚子了,我能找到这个饭店看它的许可证有没有问题,检查记录是否符合标准”。

同样的道理,母乳库也需要这样一套运行机制。然而,目前国内的母乳库没有统一标准,也缺少对口部门加以监管。“标准的建立需要多方考量,从母乳库的硬件设施到母乳库操作过程中的一些细节,都需要制定符合中国国情的标准以保证母乳质量和安全。”李正红说。

制图/高岳  

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