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旅顺博物馆国宝翏生盨引出的故事—— 周宣王曾是“赵氏孤儿”

2017-08-04 09:37:57   中国青年网

被专家们格外看重的铭文到底有什么用?

首先便是真实地展现了历史原貌。青铜器所铸造的年代到底发生过什么事,仅仅看器物本身是不够的,但是有了文字,那它所承载的史料价值就会大大提升。

再有就是给汉字的演进过程提供参考。这方面可以举个小例子,在书法展示活动中,我们看有些书法家洋洋洒洒地画出一些神秘的图案,称其为金文,那不是书法家们臆想出来的,而是根据青铜器上所铸的文字临摹下来的。

那么回到青铜器本身,翏生盨三个字除中间一字外,其他两个字都够大多数人研究半天了。翏字不仅电脑录入非常困难,这个古老的姓氏已经不被《现代汉语词典》所录入。

至于盨,词典中虽然可以查到,但是具体这个青铜器是怎么界定的,连当初发现这一宝贝的收藏名家罗振玉本人也没有搞清楚。

在罗振玉编著的 《三代吉金文存》中,他将翏生盨编入簋(读guǐ)目,在所著录的青铜器中排为2110号,条目为“翏生簋”。

刘俊勇说:“在我国青铜器研究的著作中,已故上海市博物馆馆长马承源编写的《中国古代青铜器》比较权威。”

在这部著作中,马承源将盨定义为:盛稻、粱之器,椭方形,口微敛。有盖,盖上有四矩形或小兽,可仰置容物。附耳,下为圈足,少数的为兽足。从形式上看,盨很像方形或长方形的簋。盨的盛行时期是在西周中晚期,比簋晚些。

从这一定义来看,盨因当从簋发展而来,所以与簋非常相似,但是这个定义也点出了主要区别,即盨呈方形或者长方形,那么从形状上比较,与基本为圆形或者椭圆形的簋区别还是比较明显的。

罗振玉确定器名的时候,大约就是忽视了青铜器本身的这一特征,或者说在他那个年代,尚未注意到盨这种青铜器的存在。

记者注意到,在翏生盨的铭文中就已经给出了这个青铜器的名字。

翏生盨的50字铭文是:“王征南淮夷,伐角津,伐桐遹,翏生从,执讯折首,俘戎器,俘金,用作旅盨,用对烈。翏生众大姻,其百男百女千孙,其万年眉寿永宝用。”

其中说得非常明白,为了记述战功,一个叫翏生的人铸造了这个盨。

召公用自己的儿子替下王太子静

马承源在《中国古代青铜器》中指出,盨一次可以铸12个,那么就应该是两组,一组六器,与簋的偶数相同。

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