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老电梯“看病难”,难就难在“没医保”

2017-08-04 07:12:13   中国青年网

范巨象说,虽然我国没有对电梯报废的相关规定,但浙江省的《在用电梯风险评估规则》中,把15年作为需要对电梯进行风险评估的条件之一,北京、上海等城市也把15年作为电梯核心部件“控制柜”(相当于电梯的大脑)判废的依据之一,“如果能日常保养到位,梯龄达到10~15年时能够进行常规大修或改造升级,电梯的故障率还是能够维持在比较低的水平的。”

张文也认为,相比之下老旧电梯更容易发生故障。他提供了一组数据:

“15年是不是故障的拐点?很难说,目前没有相关条款参照。”李顺荣举例说,杭州城西有两家高端酒店,其内部电梯已经连续使用19年,但目前几乎没有发生停车、关人等情况。“说到底还是乘梯人要文明使用,电梯维保要有针对性——该换的部件必须换到位。”

他认为除了不文明用梯,维保单位为了竞争而恶意降低维保费的做法,也是事故的另一个因素:一方面是不该换的乱换,另一方面是过度纵容业主“该换的不换”——因为受设计制造、安装、维护保养和使用等多种因素影响,电梯整机使用寿命存在很大差异。国内也没有制定电梯整机的判废标准,也没有哪一部法规明确规定了电梯的使用年限。

钱是绕不过去的难题

对于常年缺乏精确维保的老电梯,面前只有三条路:大修、改造升级、彻底更换。

范巨象告诉记者,大修是指不改变原电梯任何参数,只是在原电梯上更换同类型,同型号的部件;改造则是改变原电梯的运行参数,或更新升级电梯核心部件达到最新的安全标准(保留电梯导轨、对重、以及轿厢框架);彻底更换就是包括导轨在内全部拆掉,重新装新电梯。

“十多年梯龄的电梯,我并不建议大修。”范巨象说,“大修是用十多年前的配件、十多年前的技术修现在的电梯。就像手机一样,一个摩托罗拉修好了,还是摩托罗拉,跟现在智能手机的功能是没法比的,大修治标却不治本。”更好的做法是改造:以无齿轮主机技术替代有齿轮主机为例,替代后后者更加环保,也可以节约电源30%左右。改造升级后,相当于换了一台新的电梯。那为什么不索性全部更新呢?

范巨象介绍,更换一部电梯至少需1个月,改造升级只要10天;改造升级保留的几大部件,导轨、对重块、电梯轿厢框架不仅可以缩短工期、降低成本,还提高了整梯的安全可靠性。

“改造升级是一种合理的方式,但关键还是资金。”张文和李顺荣均认为“卡点”就是钱。

钱报记者了解到,杭州市质监局会对存在较大安全隐患的电梯进行安全评估(共有100余项参数),也会给出“建议大修/改造/更换等”建议,但这种结论最后还需要资金来实现。

“改造费用以15万元计,一台电梯就可能用完整个单元楼的所有物业维修基金,那么消防维修金怎么办?第二次电梯改造怎么办?”他们认为,这可能是大部分业主谨慎动用物业维修金的原始想法。

一句话,小区老旧电梯的大改造,“钱”成了一个绕不过去的难题。

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