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莆仙戏《海神妈祖》的创新与突破

2017-08-04 03:32:57   中国青年网

在中国传统社会中,母亲都希望女儿长大了有个好归宿,相夫教子,平安幸福,但默娘修炼道法,在世俗的眼光看来却是“迷心神”“少淑性”,不“正常”乃至“不祥”,吓退了相亲者与媒人,这给了母亲极大的打击。林母越发担心女儿会嫁不出去,并担忧她会为了救人而奋不顾身,因而生气、责备,甚至将女儿关在机房织布不让她出门“野”,完全是一个中国人所熟悉的爱女心切的母亲形象。而默娘则如平常人家的任性子女我行我素的同时,又以小儿女的娇痴来化解母亲的怒气,林父则在妻子发怒时扬眉立目地暗示女儿前来认错和解,父女一唱一和地配合着哄林母开怀,这些都活脱脱地演出了普通人家庭中常见的夫妻父女关系,温馨中又透着些许诙谐。母女情感的纠结、互动终于在“梳发立志”这场戏达到高潮。默娘父兄在海上遇险,被母亲关在织房中的默娘,只好元神出窍前往营救,终因道力不足未能救回兄长,在默娘悲伤自责之时仙师赐予她可以助人驭浪飞行的天衣,但因默娘尘念太重,天衣飞不起来,于是,默娘决意梳发立志,嫁身大海(即终身不嫁),放弃家庭之爱、男女之爱,斩断尘念,全身心担负起救助海上众生的使命。在这场戏中,已经失去了儿子的母亲,从不愿、不忍、不舍女儿终身不嫁,终至被女儿志向感化,亲自为女儿梳发,含悲忍泪,情绪复杂;而默娘亦是悲欣交集,让母亲给她梳她自创的可保海上平安的“帆髻头”:“发如海,髻是帆,线为缆,针为锭。今日梳上帆船头,帆悬四海波涛静,平安顺遂家家宁”;其间涌动着强烈而动人的戏剧性与张力。而观众从林默娘母女身上,看到了如此真实、别致、好看的家庭戏、母女感情戏;看到了他们熟悉、亲切的,与民间人文精神、世俗人情及中国传统文化息息相关的家庭伦理结构、传统亲情关系;看到了妈祖形象在崇高神圣之外有如邻家女孩的另一面。因此这个戏在莆田连演数场后仍然出现老百姓排队买票看的盛况,也就不足为奇了。该戏也登上了2016年海上丝绸之路国际戏剧节的舞台,其“东南亚巡演”名列国家艺术基金2017年度资助项目。

应该说,在表演上给人印象最深的是“伏机救亲”这场戏。为了表现林默娘元神出窍飞临海上救护父兄的“神异”场面,许多剧种不失时机地运用大量机关布景与现代声光电手段制造噱头,热闹不已。但《海神妈祖》这场戏则是静默的,化用了莆仙戏“魂魄相随”的传统程式,设计了一个形体、装束与默娘一模一样的女子,从边幕由默娘背后缓缓走出,做着与默娘一样的动作、表情,人物元神出窍的神秘与安静下隐伏着对父兄的深重担忧;两个演员高度吻合的动作很是耐看有味。可以说,莆仙戏《海神妈祖》的舞台表现达到了“写新如旧”的初衷,显现着有如传统戏的风骨与韵致。

(作者:黄键 单位:福建师范大学文学院)

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