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员工为蹭空调“自愿”加班 盘点国家如何界定员工加班时间
胡方还介绍,在澳大利亚当老板如果没有及时支付员工加班费就可能会惹上大麻烦,“同样是在今年,一位单亲妈妈因为在半年内加班了20次,每次大约加班了一分钟到六分钟,总计半年加班两个小时却没有得到加班工资。于是她向法庭控告公司,要求获得55万元的赔偿。最后由于公司方面查到这名妈妈在半年内加班两小时的同时也有过29次早退,事情才最终有所和解。公司向这位单亲妈妈道歉,而至于具体还需要赔偿多少钱,双方仍然在商讨当中。”
此外,澳大利亚公平工作委员会今年在今年年初下调了包括餐饮、酒店、零售业的周日加班费标准。胡方介绍,由于这些行业的特殊性,周日其他人都可以休息的情况下,这类行业必须有人加班。由于在周末和公众假日可以获得更多的加班费,很多该行业的工作人员宁可在周末加班工作一天顶平时的两天,但是在下调了周日加班费之后,零售业的全职工周日加班费从平时工资的200%下调到了150%,而临时工的加班费从平时的200%下调到175%,而又像酒店业的全职工,周日的加班费从175%下调到150%,临时工175%不变。这样的下调可以减少员工对周日加班的积极性,也可能会缩减商家在周末营业的规模,让更多的人不去加班,这样才能够真正享受到自己的生活。
再把视线转向俄罗斯,俄罗斯观察员张舜衡的介绍,从俄罗斯全国范围来看,加班制度非常规范,但是个别地区和企业加班问题比较突出。
俄罗斯作为全球疆域面积最大的国家,又经过苏联社会主义时期,劳动者的工作制度相对完善。在开放的大中城市,人才流动速度较快,企业和员工之间是一种双向选择的关系。特别是在俄罗斯本民族的人口下滑的背景下,又苦又累又要加班的工作根本留不住俄罗斯人,只能对一些中亚移民有吸引力。相反,自由散漫,稍有不靠谱的俄罗斯人经常旷工和主动辞职的情况非常普遍。在大部分城市,周五下午一般可以提前一个小时左右下班,这似乎已经成为俄罗斯不成文的习俗。2016年,俄罗斯一名女议员因为加班两小时,就抱怨“耽误给老公做饭”。所以,俄罗斯企业能找到一个按时按量工作,又不偷懒的员工已经是谢天谢地了,哪里还敢奢望员工能经常加班。
张舜衡还介绍,俄罗斯企业内部大多有会计部门,会精确计算加班费用。此外,2017年6月14日,俄罗斯总统普京亲自签署了关于加班补偿的劳动法修正案,进一步维护落实了怀孕员工和子女小于14岁的女性员工加班的收益和权益。
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