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经济改革五年考:共享经济为中国经济转型提供新路径

2017-07-05 19:11:40   央广网

共享经济依托互联网技术,能有效减少供求信息的不对称,在去产能、去库存和降成本等方面具有天然优势。尤其是在“大众创业、万众创新”的鼓励下,在“互联网+”行动计划的支持下,“滴滴出行”“摩拜单车”“小猪短租”“回家吃饭”等共享经济理念的企业如雨后春笋般涌现。

作为全球新一轮科技革命和产业变革下涌现的新业态新模式,共享经济所蕴含的巨大商机 被敏锐的资本嗅到,受到热捧。即便是在“资本寒冬”之中,共享经济依旧保持着逆势增长,2016年其融资额同比增长173%。截至2017年2月17日,全球独角兽企业共有186家,其中中国公司达到42家,具有典型共享经济属性的公司则达到了15家,如滴滴出行、陆金所、新美大等。

张新红预测,未来共享经济年均增长率将达到40%,2020年共享经济交易规模将占GDP比重达10%以上,而制造业、农业、教育和养老四个领域或将成为共享经济的新“风口”。

中国国际经济交流中心经济研究部副研究员刘向东认为,考虑到我国当前很多领域的资源配置效率还比较低下,未来分享经济发展仍具有广阔的空间,尤其是在具有准公共属性的交通、医疗、教育、住房等领域。

“包容审慎”监管下 共享经济赢成长空间

“共享经济最显著的地方,在于促进包容性的增长,而共享经济最有效的监管方式,也许是平台与政府之间的相互协作。”《共享经济的爆发》一书的作者、纽约大学斯特恩商学院教授阿鲁?萨丹拉彻说。

共享经济在中国能够迅猛发展,除了平台自身的完善外,也离不开政府的大力支持。“十八大”以来,党和国家不断为经济发展出谋划策,为稳步实现经济转型提供了强有力的保证。

2016年,“分享经济”第一次被写入《政府工作报告》。2017年,“分享经济”再次被写入《政府工作报告》,报告提到“支持和引导分享经济发展,提高社会资源利用效率,便利人民群众生活。本着鼓励创新、包容审慎原则,制定新兴产业监管规则。”

在“包容审慎”的监管原则下,共享经济获得了广阔的成长空间。以网约车为例,中国是世界上首个网约车合法化的国家,截至2017年4月24日,已有85个城市出台了网约车实施细则,115个城市完成了征求意见。

滴滴出行CEO柳青表示,中国政府在鼓励创新、发展共享经济方面走在了世界前列。柳青指出,目前,滴滴也正同一些地方政府进行政企合作,虽然在政策落地过程中,各地出现了一些偏差,但政府积极鼓励创新、鼓励创业,让滴滴备受鼓舞。

共享单车ofo创始人戴威也表示,共享单车的发展,得益于中国经济开放、包容的大背景,“如果没有良好的创新、创业环境,我们这些企业就不会出现,更不会发展到现在。”

清华公共管理学院院长薛澜认为,用传统的方式进行“规制”往往会扼杀掉新的商业模式,对于新的技术和新业态,政府应在监管中引入适应性治理。

近日,国家发改委等八部门联合印发《关于促进共享经济发展的指导性意见》,其中明确表示要避免用旧办法管制新业态,破除行业壁垒和地域限制。

在刚刚结束的2017年夏季达沃斯论坛上,李克强总理表示,我们对新产业、新业态、新模式,比如像电子商务、移动支付、共享单车,都实行包容审慎监管方式,促进了其健康发展。

政府的“放管服”、包容审慎的监管都为新旧动能的转换营造了宽松的环境,在此背景下,以共享经济为代表的新经济,将会释放更大的潜能。

原标题:经济改革五年考:共享经济为中国经济转型提供新路径

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