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首次审议的土壤污染防治法草案透露治理“毒地”四大重点方向

2017-06-29 16:35:11   新华网

【解读】中国法学会环境资源法学研究会会长蔡守秋说,土地资源宝贵,因此,即使是污染地块也不会完全被弃用。草案针对土壤“二次污染”的不同情形分类施策,为公众有效规避污染提供了法律保障。

广东贝源检测技术股份有限公司总经理许锐杰说,我们在多年土壤检测工作中发现,不少待修复污染场地边界没有明确标志,也没有采取有效控制措施。此次草案明确规定了土壤修复的活动规范和监理责任方,有利于阻断“二次污染”。

周静说,国内土壤修复技术刚起步,且大多处于实验室阶段,在大规模工程应用中有可能出现“二次污染”。草案首次明确了“二次污染”的违法情形和违法成本,明确情节严重的可处20万至100万元的罚款,震慑力度较大。

方向三:如何解决历史遗留“毒地”的治理?明确责任人和资金

【问题】土壤污染具有隐蔽性、滞后性、累积性、地域性等特点,责任追究和费用追偿难度大,造成部分历史遗留“毒地”无人修复的情况。

【草案规定】草案确立了土壤污染责任人、土地使用权人和政府顺序承担防治责任的制度框架;提出通过多种渠道、多种方式解决土壤污染资金问题,包括国家将设立中央和省级土壤污染防治基金、向责任人追偿等。

【解读】朱利中说,草案把地方人民政府作为复杂成因“毒地”修复的“兜底人”,国家、省级层面的基金作为修复的经济主体,避免了过去此类污染土壤因责任主体不明、追偿不到位导致修复不及时的情况。草案应体现约束力,敦促地方政府应尽快建立与自身情况相符的资金安排政策,避免“空头支票”。

许锐杰说,环境技术企业投入大、回报慢,大多数企业非常需要金融扶持。

方向四:如何让公众获得污染“知情权”?以后或能查阅、下载了

【问题】土壤污染防治需要广大公众的参与已成为共识。如何在保障国家安全、社会稳定的前提下,满足公众对于土壤污染信息的知情权?

【草案规定】草案明确,各级环境主管部门负责发布相应级别的土壤环境信息和公报;省级以上人民政府环保主管部门应在其网站上公布土壤污染风险管控标准、土壤污染状况调查技术规范等相关信息,供公众免费查阅、下载;同时向社会公布土壤污染防治举报方式,方便公众举报。

【解读】陈能场说,草案积极回应百姓知情诉求,让公众能通过有效途径及时获得权威的土壤环境信息。

蔡守秋说,草案提出公布重点控制的土壤有毒有害物质目录并适时更新,建立土壤环境信息与数据共享机制等举措,有助于形成土壤污染防治的公众参与机制。

周静说,草案中的相关规定,为信息公开迈出了一大步。不过,如何公开、公开到什么程度等方面还需细化。(记者 袁慧晶、杰文津、吴书光、赵小帅、高敬)

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