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中国出台新版水污染防治法 以更大力度保护水环境

2017-06-27 22:02:44   国际在线

国际在线消息(记者 兰旻):27日下午,十二届全国人大常委会第二十八次会议以全票表决通过关于修改水污染防治法的决定。新版水污染防治法增加了关于实行河长制的规定,进一步完善水环境监测制度,加大农业面源污染防治,以及对违法行为的惩治力度等等,为解决现存比较突出的水污染问题和水生态恶化问题提供了新的强有力的法律武器。

水污染防治法的修改历经全国人大常委会例会的两次审议,历时半年,改动多达56处。其中,去年底开始推行、受到多方关注的河长制被写入该法,以强化中国各省、市、县、乡负责人对水污染防治、水环境治理的责任。而对于处于薄弱环节的农业农村水污染防治、饮用水保护,新法也修订多项条款予以加强。全国人大常委会法制工作委员会国家法室副主任童卫东27号表示,“首先是明确要对农村的污水和垃圾进行集中处理,国家要给予支持,地方政府要规划建设农村污水和垃圾的集中处理设施,并保障其正常运行。关于农药、化肥的施用问题,此次修改明确提出在制定农药、化肥的质量标准和使用标准时,应适应水环境保护要求;农业部门要指导农业生产者科学、合理地施用化肥,要推广测土配方施肥和高效低毒农药;明确在散养密集区所在地的县、乡级政府对畜禽粪便污水进行分户收集、集中处理利用。同时,还明确禁止工业废水和医疗污水向农田灌溉渠道排放。”

为推进环境保护改革,2015年1月1日起施行的新环保法明确规定,中国境内所有排污单位均要实行持证排污。此后,国务院办公厅印发了《控制污染物排放许可制实施方案》,明确要把排污许可证作为固定源排污管理的基础性制度。环保部政策法规司司长别涛在回答记者相关提问时表示,修改后的水污染防治法对排污许可制也做了多处补充性规定。“第一,进一步明确了排污许可证申请的主体范围,也就是排放水污染物的企业、事业单位以及其他生产经营者。第二,明确了排污许可证书中应当载明的内容,包括了污染物的种类、浓度、总量、排放去向这些最基本的要求。在工作中还包括污染防治设施运行的监管要求。第三,排污单位必须持证排污,同时,持证单位要自行监测,重点排污单位还要安装污染物排放自动监测设备,与环保部门监控的平台联网,这些信息要实时向社会公开。”

近年来,监测数据造假成为环保管理中的一个热点问题,特别是近期陕西发生的空气采样器“戴口罩”案,更让公众对环境监测的可信度产生了质疑,别涛表示,针对这一问题,新法也做了针对性的规定,依法保障数据真实性。“企业要保证监测仪器的正常运行,禁止篡改伪造监测数据。没有安装监控装备或者没有与环保部门联网或者没有保证其正常运行的会被处以2万以上20万以下的罚款,情节严重的、逾期不整改的,将责令企业停产整顿。如果用篡改数据掩盖非法排污的,由此发生污染,根据新修订的最高人民法院有关司法解释的规定,这会构成刑事犯罪,将会依法追究刑事责任。”

据悉,新版水污染防治法将于2018年1月1日起施行。

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