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美海军建设又换套路?

2017-06-22 14:13:34   解放军报

一是扩大舰队规模,计划在2020至2030年,将海军舰艇总数由当前的275艘增至355艘,包括12艘航母以及大量无人作战系统、第五代战机、海上巡逻机和电子战飞机等,使美海军可在短期之内部署5至6个航母战斗群,以强化前沿存在,提升国际海域行动自由和快速反应能力,发挥海军常规力量在慑止冲突、安抚盟国以及执行非战争军事行动等全谱任务方面的独特作用,从而“继续在重要地区为国家领导人及时提供选项”。

二是加快技术创新,重点发展定向能、无人作战系统、网络战武器、先进导弹等尖端技术,特别是发挥定向能技术在应对对手高速率火力攻击方面的成本优势,“削弱潜在对手追踪或打击美军部队的能力”,同时大力发展数据分析、人工智能等自动化决策辅助技术,以优化战场指挥官的决策行动周期,实现比敌人更快、更优决策的目标,从而提升战场指挥效率。

三是推进战法革新,全面开发新型作战概念,重点依托网络信息技术,将水面、空中、水下等广域分布的舰艇平台整合成一个“网络化”的有机整体,并逐步向网络、太空、电磁等空间拓展,从而形成全域联动、互补增效的一体化攻防体系,最大化地提升部队的灵活反应和快速机动能力,同时针对对手战争体系和作战体系的薄弱环节,大力发展水下、无人等非对称作战手段,着力提升部队的战场生存、纵深渗透和有效打击能力。

确立“模块化”装备研发采办新模式

如何在时间紧迫和资源有限的条件下,以多、快、好、省的方式贯彻落实数量扩张与质量建军并行发展的“非线性”思路,实现“指数化”的扩军目标,是白皮书的最大着力点。为此,白皮书沿用了前任海军作战部长乔纳森·格林纳特的理念,确立了“模块化”的装备研发采办模式。与工业化时代船体平台与负载模块一体研发、并行采办的“集成化”模式相比,“模块化”模式主张采取船体平台与负载模块分开研发、平行采办的全新模式,以有效降低造舰费用成本、缩短负载升级周期、延长平台使用寿命、增大对手追赶难度,从而顺应信息化时代技术更新“指数化”的发展趋势,其要点包括三个方面:

一是全面确立“模块化”的研发采办模式,一方面效仿平板电脑设计理念,以电力充足、容量充裕、统一插口为基本标准,重点研发“母舰型”海上通用平台,以减少生产成本、缩短造舰周期,从而“为未来现代化升级预留充分空间”,另一方面则按照“即插即用”理念,通过不断更换作战系统、传感器、电子战装备等模块负载,灵活切换平台功能,同时将最新技术研发成果及时融入海上平台,加快技术研发成果的战斗力转化进程,以降低升级成本,拓展任务领域,抵消对手后来居上的优势,从而牢牢掌控军备竞赛的方向、速度和节奏。

二是重点发展“无人化”的平台负载模块,以有人无人系统混合编组的分布式、网络化作战方式为牵引,大力发展水面、空中、水下等各类无人作战系统,发挥无人作战集群在体系攻防、远程打击等方面的独特作用,使其成为航母未来执行力量投送任务的关键支撑,同时不断降低生产成本,增加采办数量,重点是依托无人系统成本低、数量多、续航力强的突出优势,来有效填补前沿存在的力量空缺,从而“以可承受的价格进行大量采办并全球组网,扩大我们在核心地区的存在”。

三是深入推进“挖潜式”的国防工业动员,要求充分挖掘造船工业潜力,鼓励相关企业提高生产效率、节约造舰成本、提升装备性能,有效实现“指数化”的扩军目标,同时根据“模块化”要求,按照“经济可承受、技术低风险、计划易理解”的目标,统一造舰标准,延长使用寿命,提高武器采办体制的敏捷程度和绩效水平。

(原标题:美海军建设又换套路?)

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