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天山丝路科考发现3000年前的“天坛”

2017-06-22 14:13:19   国际在线

为何在3000年以前、数千公里之外的天山地区会出现具有中原文化特征的大型祭坛呢?巫新华认为这是受到通过古丝绸之路向西传播的中原文化的影响:“勾股弦定理最早在我们国家的使用是用在祭天上,像牛河梁祭坛就是天圆地方观念的体现,而类似观念后来在中国传统文化里面是最典型的一种观念,祭天也包含祭太阳。我们这个遗址有3000多年(的历史),勾股弦定理实际上在3000多年前西周时期就已经出现了。这样的东西在天山的一个反应,从遥远的辽河流域的东方来到了天山,实际上关联的,我个人认为,是整个中国文明区域文化互通的一个问题。”

覃大海(中)在那热德遗址工作 (摄影:罗来安)

对那热德遗址的认识有一个渐进的过程。多次参与该遗址考察的科考队顾问、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州前人大常委会主任包热起初认为它只是个墓地:“过去这块土堆我们都觉得是个墓地,很少到跟前来。那天上到这个祭坛以后,给我很大的震撼。我当时第一感觉这就是个敖包,为啥呢?我们东归回来的蒙古族也好,我们草原民族也好,都是祭敖包的,所以我就把它和敖包传统、敖包文化联想起来了。”

包热和巫新华还认为,祭坛的形制与蒙古包顶的图案非常相似,有可能蒙古包的起源就是类似的祭坛。

巫新华在那热德遗址前接受采访 (摄影:罗来安)

那热德遗址位于古丝路网交通的枢纽点,往南通往巴音郭楞蒙古自治州,西南通往库车,西北通往伊犁河谷的那拉提草原。秦汉史专家、中国人民大学国学院王子今教授说,遗址所在地是古西域三十六国之一的焉耆国通往伊犁河谷的交通要道,在古丝绸之路上位置非常重要。王子今说:“出西域有两路:南路和北路,汉人起初控制了南路,这是南路和北路之间的一个重要的枢纽。汉代后来设立的西域都护府首府离这里也不远,汉王朝对整个西域的控制,这是一个非常重要的地方。控制了这个地方,就有利于它控制西域,失去了它,往往是失去对西域控制的一个信号。”

有些专家认为,由于目前还没有对那热德遗址进行发掘,在取得更多实物证据之前,还无法最后判定遗址的性质,但这并不影响该遗址发现的重大意义。

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