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巫新华在那热德遗址前接受采访 (摄影:罗来安)
国际在线消息(记者 罗来安):“2017丝绸之路·天山道”综合科考活动正在新疆天山巴音布鲁克山地进行。本次科考总领队、社科院考古所研究员巫新华18日在接受媒体采访时表示,这次在天山地区进行的丝路科考取得了一系列重要成果,有助于增强我们的文化自信。
天山山脉横亘在亚欧大陆腹心地带,东西向延伸2500多公里,是古代商队行旅仰望的永恒路标。但“天山”名称究竟何时出现、如何出现,目前尚无定论。对此,巫新华提出了新的看法。他认为天山的命名受到了古代中国早期“天命观”思想的深刻影响:“有一个最有趣的现象是什么呢?天山的命名出现在丝绸之路关键通道的东方,而且这个东部是靠近中国文明的核心区域。这就奇怪了,为什么它只是在天山的最东部,而往中部和西部走,根本就没有‘天山’的概念,也没有相关的记载,毫无疑问这是受到中国传统文化的影响。”
那热德太阳祭坛航拍图
巫新华认为,产生于古代中国的天命思想,在丝绸之路这样的亚欧大陆全区域文化传播和交流的历史过程中,很早就影响到了西域。在天命观念的影响下,西域和北方草原地带很早就出现了“天”的崇拜观念,并导致了“天山”名称的出现。
“2017丝绸之路·天山道”科考的最新发现也从侧面印证了巫新华的观点。距离和静县200多公里的那热德遗址是去年8月巫新华带队的一次小规模科考时发现的,当时该遗址被认为是距今3000年-2500年前的太阳祭坛。今年科考队对该遗址进行详细考察后发现:该遗址外围构筑了3道石围,最外层石围直径达114米,里面两个石围直径分别是50米和74米,它们之间的比例和方圆关系大致符合中国古代经典《周髀算经》和勾股弦定理的基本原理。这个祭坛形致与红山文化牛河梁遗址发现的距今5000多年前的大型祭坛有着惊人的相似。
那热德太阳祭坛 (摄影:罗来安)
巫新华说:“咱们的太阳祭坛,包括我们在巴音布鲁克草原的一系列发现——大的交通线和这个祭坛本身,实际上表达出来的都是文化传播和文化交流的内涵。我个人的观点,天山是古代西域最重要的交通核心地区,而古代西域是中国文明唯一的和亚欧大陆其它文明区域进行沟通的陆路交通线,这样的唯一地区都在天山东部,靠近中国文明核心区,这个东西的出现不光是反映早期人类祭天祭太阳,反映自己对天地认识的一种观念,更深层的我认为是反映了东亚文明核心文化和西域地区广泛的交流。”
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