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机场净空:守护战鹰的安全航路

2017-06-21 08:13:41   

《军事设施保护法》明确规定,在军用机场净空保护区内,禁止修建超出机场净空的建筑物、构筑物或者其他设施。但由于现行法规在实际操作层面上的规定还不够完善,超高部分拆除及相关责任追究没有明确具体规定,客观上造成了“有法难落实、违法难处理”的被动局面。

空后机场保障部门工作人员介绍,军用机场净空保护区域内高大建筑物、构筑物等建设项目的高度仅在建设前征求军方主管单位的意见,其审批权、验收权、执法权都在地方。由于部队没有相关执法权,事先很难把住“源头”关,事后想管又管不住,从而加大了军用机场净空区建设项目管控难度。

机场净空管理专家认为,相关政策法规宣传不到位,公民缺乏保护意识也是机场净空遭到破坏的一个重要诱因。东南沿海某军用机场管理部门在整治中就发现,很多房地产开发商对净空管理的相关要求和有关法规不清楚。一位开发商竟大言不惭:“啥净空啊!我又没把房子建到机场里面,买地手续是合法的,楼建多高是我的权益。”天津某军用机场每年在组织飞行训练时,至少要制止10余起在机场跑道延长线上放风筝的行为,很多时候老百姓不理解,解释起来难度很大。

破解之道:

军地联保,明确监管主体责任

随着空军航空武器装备更新换代,飞行训练模式改革、实战化训练常态化开展,空军机场逐渐向多机种、多任务保障模式转变,机场跑道长度规格、保障能力都在不断增容,对机场净空保护提出了更高要求。空后机场保障局领导告诉笔者,要尽快遏制机场净空遭破坏的不良势头,最大限度维护好军用机场净空环境,当务之急是加快修订完善法律法规。

针对现有法规制度覆盖面不足、操作性不强、约束效力不大的问题,早在2010年,军队人大代表就建议要尽快修订完善《中华人民共和国军事设施保护法实施办法》。他们提出,增加“禁止在军用机场周边举办庆典活动时放飞飞禽等6种影响飞行安全行为”的条款;突出强调地方政府在军用机场净空区建设项目高度审核工作中的权利义务,明确政府职能部门应当承担的法律责任;增加军地联合检查监督、联合执法等内容,加大军队在超高障碍物清理整治工作中的参与权和监督权。

“加大机场净空保护力度,就必须走开军民融合管控路子,逐步建立政府主导、军地协作、依法保护、主动作为的良性运行机制。”国家安全生产监督管理总局二司领导建议,把机场网建设纳入军地一体化发展轨道,尤其在重大项目安排上突出净空保护前瞻性、长远性要求,确保机场网节点效能能够充分发挥。同时,建立军地联合保护机制,明确净空监管主体责任,将军用机场净空保护工作纳入地方政府安全生产责任考核体系,互相通报城市规划发展动态、净空区建设项目控高审批情况等信息,及时发现、制止破坏机场净空的行为。

中国民用航空局机场司一位长期从事民用机场净空保护的工作人员接受采访时说,保护军用机场净空应做到标本兼治,不仅要加快立法进程、加大违法案件查处力度,还要加强法律法规的宣传,动员全社会力量共同参与,营造全社会关心机场净空保护的舆论氛围,引导社会组织和公民自觉遵守相关法律法规,不断强化军地依法保护的意识。

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