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姚培生:主席访哈助推“一带一路”合作,为地区稳定作出贡献
习主席出席阿斯塔纳专项世博会开幕式并参观以“未来能源、绿色丝路”为主题中国馆,既是对哈萨克斯坦开发新能源政策的支持,也表明中方坚持建设“绿色丝绸之路”的理念。从我曾经作为大使的经验来看,中亚国家接受外来投资时往往先审查环保问题,而中国与中亚国家在商谈基础设施项目时也能对此给予积极主动配合。可以肯定,绿色产业在中亚地区很有市场,也会促进“绿色丝绸之路”建设的推进。
同时,“一带一路”建设中我们也要积极应对挑战。“一带一路”是个长期工程,推进过程中肯定会遇到各种挑战。现在反全球化思潮,对实施带路项目也许会产生负面影响,但影响会是有限的,形不成主流。“一带一路”倡议是加大各经济体的融合,符合多数国家的愿望,亚投行的顺利启动、发展就是例证。
记者:在中哈关系不断深化的大背景下,两国在实现“五通”方面有哪些潜力可挖掘?
姚培生:从长远看,中哈两国在“五通”方面的合作有巨大潜力。政策方面,双方已经有了很好的对接,并有很好的优势。我曾在哈萨克斯坦工作将近四年,在此之前在外交部工作时分管中亚地区,深知哈方纳扎尔巴耶夫等高层领导与我国高层领导结下了很深的个人友谊。除了双边关系和国际问题,他们还常就治国理政问题交换意见,这对加强政治互信非常重要。因为有了政治互信,才能做到相互尊重、相互理解、平等相待、合作共蠃。这是两国发展长期睦邻友好关系的基本保证,也是极大的政治优势。设施联通方面,我们铁路、公路设施更新较快,但哈萨克斯坦和中亚境内的全面提升尚需时日,但其中蕴含着极大的合作机遇。此访期间,双方商定实现新亚欧大陆桥、中国-中亚-西亚经济走廊建设同哈萨克斯坦打造国际物流大通道战略对接。贸易方面,双方合作的潜力在扩大,今年头四个月双边贸易额比去年同期增长45%以上。资金融通方面,中哈进展顺利,哈萨克政府决定建立中亚金融中心,利于促进双方金融合作。在民心相通方面,民间交流会更加频繁,旅游业潜力大可发掘。2016年,两国人员往来近50万人次,哈萨克斯坦在华留学生1.4万人。哈萨克斯坦已开设5所孔子学院和7家孔子课堂,4所哈萨克斯坦中心落户中国高校。
记者:中哈两国合作能带来哪些益处?
姚培生:中哈双方进行的是互利共赢的平等合作,受益的不会是一方。例如,双方已经开始的产能合作、能源合作既可增强哈方在国际上的产品竞争力,同时也为中国的先进技术和装备找到市场。又如,在贸易方面,中国市场的强大吸纳力,可使哈萨克的很多商品在中国找到消费者。习主席在哈萨克媒体发表的文章中提到"哈萨克斯坦对华出口不断扩大,面粉、植物油、大豆、肉类、蜂蜜已经走上中国普通百姓餐桌”就是生动的例子。哈是资源大国,同时还是农业大国,农产品出口问题以往一直是哈萨克斯坦政府的操心事。与此同时,中国则向哈方口农业机械设备和提供技术服务。
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