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“蛟龙”号完成150次下潜 驰骋6大海区探寻深海秘密

2017-06-11 08:26:28   新华网

“当探照灯打开那一刻,黑幕散去,雅浦海沟的海底展现在我眼前,只有一个词语可以形容——震撼。我曾无数次设想,到达海底后将看到怎样的场景,也仔细观看过‘蛟龙’号此前在雅浦海沟下潜时的录像,但海底真实的世界还是大大出乎我的意料。”

第150潜次下潜科学家杨继超走出“蛟龙”号载人舱许久,心情依然没有平静。很多下潜归来的科学家,都有着和他一样的感受。自从“蛟龙”号转入试验性应用阶段以来,已有数十位海洋科研人员搭乘它下潜到海洋深处,开展现场调查和科学研究。

中国大洋38航次第三航段首席科学家彭晓彤说,自从2013年开展试验性应用航次以来,从海山到海沟,从冷泉到热液,从海底多金属结核区到结壳区,“蛟龙”号充分发挥了大深度下定点作业的优势,获取了一批以前依靠常规调查手段难以获取的高质量样品、数据和资料,在我国深海资源调查和科学研究中发挥了重要作用。

正如一位下潜归来的科学家所说,仅2013年中国大洋31航次完成的22次下潜作业,取得的生物样品数即超过以往20年我国大洋科考的总和。

“对深海科学研究而言,海底调查获取的样品质量对研究成果至关重要。以往深海常规调查中,由于缺乏高精度定点海底作业的手段,只能获取大致位置和区域内的样品。尽管也能获取海底样品,但往往不知道这些样品的产状和形成环境,更难以在海底同步开展观测和原位实验,这在很大程度上限制了高质量深海科研成果的产出。”彭晓彤说。

从2013年开展试验性应用航次以来,“蛟龙”号已经搭载数十位科学家在中国南海、东太平洋海盆区、西太平洋海沟区、西太平洋海山区、西南印度洋脊、西北印度洋脊等6大海区深潜:

——2013年,中国大洋31航次,“蛟龙”号在南海冷泉区和海山区、东太平洋海盆和西太平洋海山区完成22次下潜作业。

——2014-2015年,中国大洋35航次,“蛟龙”号在西太平洋海山区、西南印度洋脊完成26次下潜作业。其中,第100次下潜是2015年2月3日在西南印度洋完成。

——2016年,中国大洋37航次,“蛟龙”号在西太平洋海山区、西太平洋海沟区完成21次下潜作业。

——2017年,中国大洋38航次第一、第二航段,“蛟龙”号分别在西北印度洋脊和南海进行11次和9次下潜;第三航段已完成8潜,最后两潜也将在近日完成。

“深海研究的进步,离不开深海装备的发展。‘蛟龙’号的下潜足迹,遍布太平洋等6大海区的典型海底地形,特别是在马里亚纳海沟和雅浦海沟的下潜作业,发挥了‘蛟龙’号全球领先的深度技术优势,进一步验证了其技术设计的安全性、可靠性,为我国进行国际深渊科学研究前沿提供着强有力的技术支撑。”中国大洋38航次第三航段现场总指挥邬长斌说。

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