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【砥砺奋进的五年】“蛟龙”探海启新篇

2017-06-09 16:23:04   光明网

【砥砺奋进的五年·中国新名片】

光明日报记者杨舒

初夏,西太平洋。马里亚纳海沟,闪动着中国“蛟龙”的飒爽身影。

6月1日17时12分,红白相间的“蛟龙号”载人潜水器缓缓浮出海面,“向阳红09”母船上的中国科考队员们一阵欢呼,标志着“蛟龙号”在2017年试验应用性航次中在世界最深处的最后一潜顺利完成。10天5次大深度下潜,“蛟龙号”以优异的性能交出了令人满意的答卷。

“蛟龙号”载人潜水器。国家海洋局供图

而这一潜,距离“蛟龙号”挑战7000米海试成功,仅有短短的5年。

2012年6月,也是在马里亚纳海沟,“蛟龙号”下潜7062米,创下了世界同类作业型潜水器最大下潜深度纪录。自此,中国载人深潜跃升世界前列,也由此开启了我国重大深海技术装备研发的热潮。5年来,我国已初步建成以“蛟龙号”载人潜水器、“海龙号”无人缆控潜水器和“潜龙号”无人遥控潜水器为代表的“三龙”装备体系,中国重大深海技术装备走向谱系化,“下五洋捉鳖”的梦想正一步步成真。

十年攻关实现技术跨越

20世纪以来,海洋正在成为人类解决资源短缺、拓展生存发展空间的战略必争之地。在“蛟龙号”问世之前,世界上拥有6000米以上深度载人潜水器的国家仅有美国、日本、法国和俄罗斯,深海技术装备无疑成为一个国家科技实力的重要标志之一。

2002年,科技部正式将7000米载人潜水器列为国家“863计划”重大专项,随后历经十年攻关,于2012年实现“蛟龙号”7000米海试成功。至此,中国“龙”一跃进入世界载人深潜第一梯队,中国从此可在占世界海洋面积99.8%的广阔海域进行各种科考,探寻资源。

“‘蛟龙号’7000米级海试成功的意义不仅于此,它是一个开始。”在“蛟龙号”副总设计师胡震眼中,正是“蛟龙号”的十年攻关,为我国深海技术装备研发提供了坚实的技术储备,“随着重大深海技术装备不断涌现和投入使用,它的成果不是简单的一个点,而是变成了一条线。”

2013年5月,“潜龙一号”无人无缆潜水器4000米海试成功;2013年10月,“海龙二号”无人有缆潜水器助力“大洋一号”船南海海试成功;2016年1月,“潜龙二号”水下机器人成功首潜;2016年8月,“海斗号”无人潜水器创造了10767米下潜及作业深度纪录。这些由我国自行设计集成、具有自主知识产权的深海运载器,与“蛟龙号”一起,成为我国深海技术发展的标志和里程碑。

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