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但是,楚吴两国之间的仇恨却并没有因为伍子胥的复仇成功而消弭。相反,伍子胥的这一次复仇,进一步加深了两国之间的仇恨。吴国的另一个邻国越国,借着吴楚交兵的机会,对吴国的后方发起了攻击。吴王阖闾退兵回国休整后,为了报复越国,又亲率大军对越国发起了攻击。但是,阖闾过于托大,阴沟翻船,不慎被越国击败。英雄一世的阖闾本人也为这一次失败付出了生命的代价。吴越两国由此结下了无法开解的血仇。重臣伍子胥扶立太子夫差继位。夫差朝夕不忘越人杀父之仇。在为父守丧三年后,他亲自出征,对越国发起了报复性的攻击。这一次,实力弱小的越国不再拥有前一次的幸运,被强悍无敌的吴国打回原形。越国精锐大部被歼。越王勾践深知杀父之仇不共戴天,既然无可幸免,他只能倾尽最后所剩的五千死士,与吴兵拼个玉石俱焚。但越国大夫文种利用吴国内部的矛盾,巧妙斡旋,争取到吴国宠臣伯嚭的鼎力支持,否定了伍子胥必要将越国赶尽杀绝的主张。机心暗藏的吴王夫差转而要求越王勾践偕同夫人到吴国为奴,为阖闾守墓,以期通过对勾践的人身侮辱来达至为父复仇的目的,是为“辱越”。
越王勾践在吴国忍受了三年的屈辱之后,最终赢得吴王夫差的信任,被夫差释放回到越国。
然后上演了一部被后世人脍炙人口、耳熟能详的励志故事,这就是蒲松龄的对联,“有志者,事竟成,破釜沉舟,百二秦关终属楚。苦心人,天不负,卧薪尝胆,三千越甲可吞吴。”细细盘点整个中国历史,兵败被俘、屈身为奴的君主并非只有勾践一个,但能够坚忍不拔、忍辱负重、绝地反击、以弱胜强、实现惊天大逆转的,却只有勾践一人。勾践完成的这一举世无双的丰功伟业,就叫做“吞吴”。人们把勾践的成功称为“吞吴”。这一个“吞”字非常传神地表达了勾践所取得的成功的侥幸与不可思议。当我们比喻人心不足时,往往用“蛇吞象”来表达。一条小蛇和一头大象,相差何其之大,但是小蛇竟然想要吞象,这显然是不可能的。而“越吞吴”就等同于“蛇吞象”。因为长期以来,就实力而言,吴国不啻是一头大象,而越国只是一条不折不扣的小蛇。勾践之所以能够完成举世罕见的“蛇吞象”,也是和他自己的坚持不懈、永不放弃分不开的。这就是越王勾践的励志故事“吞吴”。
今天我们开始阅读心理吴越三部曲之三《吞吴》第38节,继续读这些激荡人心的春秋人物故事。
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