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中国共产党凝聚党心民心的经验与启示

2017-06-07 20:11:22   

【专家视点】

对于执政党来说,如何做好凝聚党心民心的工作,不仅是一个理论问题,更是一个实践问题。延安时期,面对十分复杂的内外部环境,中国共产党通过各种途径、采取各项措施,对不同阶级、阶层、群体开展了形式多样的凝聚党心民心的工作,取得了理想效果。今天,研究和探讨这一问题,无论对于正确认识党在延安时期发展壮大的历史必然,还是对于做好当前党的建设,落实习近平总书记关于“人心向背关系党的生死存亡”的告诫,都具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。

党心凝聚方面。延安时期党对于党员干部工作高度重视。毛泽东同志曾经指出,对于能够担负起领导全民族解放斗争任务的中国共产党来说,没有一大批德才相济的党员干部,要想完成革命的任务是不能想象的。但是,当时的党员干部骨干“还不足以支撑斗争的大厦,还须广大地培养人才”。为此,党首先确定了“任人唯贤”的干部路线和“德才兼备”的用人原则,提出了符合当时时代要求的党员标准,并按照这样的路线、原则和标准从严选拔任用党员干部、从严要求与考核党员干部,从而为党拥有一支立场坚定、能拼善战的党员干部队伍准备了条件。而面对党员数量急剧增加导致的阶级成分复杂、非无产阶级思想大量涌入等问题,党进行了旨在提高党员质量、统一全党思想的思想改造和教育运动,以此达到了加强党员干部“三观”教育、巩固党组织力量和提升党员干部马克思主义理论素养与水平的目的。另外,党在政治上、工作上、生活上给予党员干部切实的关心和爱护,使党员干部深深感受到温暖,以更加饱满的热情与斗志投身于党所领导的各项事业之中。这种良性互动关系,既加强了党对于党员干部的向心力与凝聚力,使党成为一个坚强的战斗堡垒,又为党在人民群众面前树立起“全心全意为人民服务”的光辉形象奠定了十分扎实的阶级基础。正是由于这样的原因,党的队伍不断发展壮大,党的事业呈现蓬勃发展的良好态势。

民心凝聚方面。党认为完成民族独立和人民解放的事业既是党的历史使命,也是全国各族人民的共同历史责任,党除了认真做好凝聚党心的工作之外,还必须努力做好凝聚民心的工作。对此,党不仅把工人、农民、知识分子、民族资产阶级等社会群体看作是中国革命的动力和力量源泉,而且还针对这些具有不同利益诉求的群体采取了分门别类和切实可行的政策和措施。如对于工人,党和边区政府通过颁布工人劳动保护条例,重视工人的文化教育工作,帮助工人探索科学管理工厂的有效方法等,真正把工人队伍紧密地团结在党的周围。对于农民,党通过开展建立农民政权的工作,实行减租减息的土地政策,开展轰轰烈烈的大生产运动,废除各种不合理的苛捐杂税,发展农村教育医疗卫生事业等,既使广大农民的生活得到改善,又使其对于党的事业的政治认同和感情达到了前所未有的程度。对于知识分子,党通过实施“广招天下士,诚纳四海人”的政策,倡导知识分子走与工农相结合的道路,鼓励知识分子在学术问题上自由研究,对知识分子既给予物质生活上的关心照顾,又根据不同情况分别给予必要的思想教育与改造等,使知识分子深切感受到了党的真诚和善意,并由此产生了对党所从事的事业心向往之的决心与信心。对于民族资产阶级,党通过采取政治上“既联合又斗争”和经济上积极扶持的政策等,不仅解决了党和边区政府在经济困难时期的“燃眉之急”,而且也对促进整个边区的经济社会发展起到了不可小觑的作用。此外,党还通过各种途径和办法调动广大妇女群体、青年团体、各民主党派、国际友人、解放战士甚至日军战俘为党的事业服务的积极性。这样,在党所领导的边区和影响力所至的范围内形成了“不使一人不跟队”和“不使一人不尽力”局面的基础上,又呈现“万众瞩目宝塔山”的民心所向盛况。

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