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探访流动儿童:受教育条件差 超八成存健康问题

2017-06-06 10:32:32   

这些年,老赵靠打零工养活一家人。谭珍患有严重的肾病和甲亢,每月医药费开支1000多元。今年5月,她又患上疝气,已无钱再治。

老赵说,如果不是北京市协作者社会工作发展中心的救助,以及民办学校对老二、老三生活费的部分减免,孩子们恐怕早已辍学。

小学时谭平还能考90多分,三四年前,家搬到这个不通电的拆迁区,谭平只好在电线杆下写作业,学习成绩一落千丈。在这样的生活境况里,老二老三也步了哥哥后尘,成绩越来越差。

前些日子,班主任告诉老赵,谭平和校外社会青年混在一起,在校门口抽烟。老赵心里着急,却不知怎么和儿子沟通。

可就算日子这样难,他们也不愿回老家。

“回家更没活找,一大家子怎么吃饭啊!”离家近20年,老赵和谭珍无意还乡,“日子过成这样,老家谁瞧得起你?还不如在城里熬着。”

受教育条件差,生活空间不断向城市边缘挤压

半月谈记者调研发现,由于办学条件不达标,部分民办打工子弟学校属于办学“黑户”,学校不被承认、学生没有学籍,得不到财政资金支持,办学设施差,教师流动性大,课程开不满。

北京师范大学教授袁连生表示,从2003年开始,我国就提出对接受流动儿童的民办学校在办学用地和办学经费上提供支持,但很多地方政府实际支持有限。

记者采访发现,农民工子弟学校有一种特殊的“初二优生转学”现象:到了初二后很多成绩好的学生开始转学,因为大城市异地中考政策限制多,有望考取普通高中的学生就被家长送回户籍地上学了。

北京大学中国教育财政科学研究所副研究员宋映泉曾带领课题组,针对北京10个区县50所打工子弟学校的1866名初二学生连续5年进行调查。在1493名被成功跟踪调查的学生中,仅有不到6%的人上了大学,其中一半是三本或专科院校。

随着中心城区生活成本上升,农民工的生活空间不断向城市边缘挤压。上海交通大学中国发展研究中心主任陆铭教授认为,城市内部不同地段教育资源分配不均,也造成“夹心层”儿童受教育条件变差。

进入新世纪以来,流动儿童教育问题越来越受到重视。2001年,我国明确提出“以流入地区政府管理为主,以全日制公办中小学为主”的“两为主”政策。2014年,又将“两为主”提高到“两纳入”,即将常住人口纳入区域教育发展规划、将随迁子女纳入财政保障范围。

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