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北京空气质量逐步恶化? 北京环保局批驳十大谣言

2017-06-02 16:05:25   北京晨报

谣言6车少了、采暖季都结束了,但雾霾又来了,不是说燃煤是空气重污染的主要原因吗?

剖析:实际上,雾霾成因错综复杂,高污染排放是内因,不利气象条件是外因,复杂的化学反应机理是动因。在内因中,机动车、燃煤、工业、扬尘、秸秆焚烧等污染排放以及区域传输,对雾霾产生的贡献,因季节、地域不同而存在差异或变化。北京发布过PM2.5源解析结果,但这是基于当时1年以上监测数据的结论,和每一次空气重污染的成因可能又是不同的。至于哪种因素扮演大气污染首因的角色,一定要有前提条件和限定范围,不能一概而论。

谣言7北京空气质量在逐步恶化?

剖析:近几年北京采暖季空气质量改善幅度不大,但从全年来看,北京重污染天还是在逐年减少。联合国环境署2016年发布的《北京空气污染治理历程:1998-2013年》评估报告显示:1998至2013年,北京二氧化硫、二氧化氮和可吸入颗粒物PM10的年均浓度分别显著下降了78%、24%和43%,15年间北京的空气质量得到了持续改善。此外,美国NASA等国际机构的监测数据也支持北京空气质量持续改善的趋势。

谣言8儿童吸入肺里的雾霾比大人多?

剖析:协和医院儿科万伟琳副教授表示,儿童与成人的肺结构相似,且肺活量低于成人,所以不存在吸入雾霾多于成人的说法。

谣言9机动车污染不是北京空气污染的主要原因?

剖析:2014年,北京市在环保部、中国科学院和中国工程院等权威部门的指导下,完成了PM2.5源解析工作。研究表明,机动车对北京PM2.5的年均贡献在30%左右,在本地污染源中居于首要位置。近年来,随着北京燃煤使用量的大幅缩减、二氧化硫浓度的迅猛下降,机动车污染对北京PM2.5的贡献相对还可能保持较高甚至更高的比例。

谣言10汽车尾气对北京PM2.5的贡献率仅为4%?

剖析:媒体援引中科院某研究者一份北京PM2.5污染源解析的报告说,汽车尾气对北京PM2.5的贡献率仅为4%。其实,原论文除了提到汽车尾气直接排放的PM2.5粒子占4%,还提到二次无机气溶胶对北京PM2.5的贡献是26%,而汽车尾气贡献了二次无机气溶胶的很大一部分。中科院大气物理所研究员王跃思表示,如果以原论文的原始数据为基础,机动车对PM2.5的贡献总值达到24.5%。

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