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六分之一日本儿童生活窘迫 民间组织尝试打破“连锁贫困”

2017-06-01 13:16:37   国际在线

在森之子儿童中心,孩子们每天放学后都会聚在一起学习、写作业

为了让所有孩子都健康成长,吃饱饭、营养够,在日本近年来出现了大量提供免费晚餐的儿童食堂。荒木英一郎是冲绳县冲绳市祝福儿童沙龙的职员。谈到创立儿童食堂的初衷,他说:“我自己12年前也曾经无家可归。人在饿的时候,就可能会走上歧路,比如想偷超市的饭团吃,或者偷点别的东西。所以我想,可以给孩子们提供免费的饭,让他们不要有不好的想法。(开设儿童食堂)就是希望给生活困难的孩子们提供一个去处。但是,对于其他孩子我们也不排斥。因为如果那样做了,真正贫困的孩子可能就不来了,而且家长也可能因为面子不让他们来。所以我们对所有孩子都敞开大门。有些只有一两岁的孩子也会被妈妈带来,但更多的还是幼儿园、小学和中学的孩子。”

在森之子儿童中心一名职员坐在楼梯上和孩子谈心

荒木说,多数穷孩子家里都有特殊情况,比如单亲家庭的家长可能忙着上班对孩子疏于管教和照顾,再比如父母双方都嗜酒如命,每天只顾四处买醉,根本没把育儿的事情放在心上。这样的家庭长大的孩子难免会有性格上的缺陷,如何帮助他们克服这些缺点,更好地融入社会,也是儿童食堂日常非常注意的一点。荒木说:“有很多很淘气的孩子,所以我们也会对他们进行一些生活上的指导,比如见人要打招呼,要收拾屋子,吃完要收拾等等,说实话,就光是这些,我们就感觉到了自己力量的极限。一方面不教育不行,但是……很多孩子觉得规矩是在学校需要遵守的,儿童食堂是没有规矩可以乱来的地方。说实话,挺难的。我们才刚开始,还在一点一点摸索着改进。”

祝福儿童沙龙入口

曾经出版过关于日本贫困儿童问题专著的花冈隼人提出,日本目前正出现“连锁贫困”现象,也就是说,穷人家的孩子很难摆脱贫穷的命运,贫穷正在部分日本家庭中深深植根。他说:“越是在家庭收入少的人家长大的孩子,长大后贫困的几率越高。这是因为家庭的贫富决定了孩子受教育的程度。日本是非常重视学历的国家,学历不同,收入也就不同,高中毕业生和大学毕业生的收入差距大约是1.5倍到8倍。低收入的父母生下的孩子,会自然地变成低学历人群,他们的收入也自然很低,于是就形成了所谓的‘连锁贫困’。”

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