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我国首次海域可燃冰试采成功 2030年前有望商业开发

2017-05-19 08:08:32   北京晨报

关于可燃冰

藏于海洋

可燃冰3%分布在极地、冻土带、内陆海及湖泊,97%分布在海洋。

固体结晶

可燃冰是一种把天然气包裹在神奇的冰状晶格下的固体结晶物质,多为白色、淡黄色、琥珀色和暗褐色。它的学名叫天然气水合物,因为气体成分主要是甲烷,有时也被叫做甲烷水合物。

总量惊人

世界资源量约为2100万亿立方,可供人类使用1000年。据估算,在世界各大洋中,可燃冰总资源量大约相当于全球已知煤、石油和天然气总资源量的两倍。

泥质粉砂

可燃冰并非都像冰块一样,在地球上,绝大多数的天然气水合物其实都和泥沙混在一起。此次南海神狐海域试采成功的就是一种泥质粉砂类型矿藏,可以说是未来最具商业价值的一种。

形成四条件

低温生成可燃冰的温度不能太高,也不能太低,适宜温度是010℃之间,最高限是20℃。

高压形成可燃冰需要足够的压力,但也不能太大,在零℃时,30个大气压以上即可。

气源“巧妇难为无米之炊”,丰富的天然气是可燃冰的重要组成部分。

适量的水水也是形成可燃冰不可或缺的成分。

利用 2030年以前有望商业性开发

可燃冰占用体积小,蕴含的能量却不可估量。1立方米可燃冰可以分解释放出160立方米以上的天然气。同等条件下,可燃冰燃烧产生的能量比煤、石油、天然气要多出数十倍。比如,一辆使用天然气为燃料的汽车,一次加100升天然气能跑300公里的话,那么加入相同体积的可燃冰,这辆车就能跑5万公里。而且燃烧后不产生任何残渣和废气,避免了最让人们头疼的污染问题。科学家们如获至宝,把可燃冰称作“属于未来的能源”。

天然气水合物储量巨大,仅我国海域预测远景资源量就达到800亿吨油当量,世界资源量约为2100万亿立方,可供人类使用1000年。据估算,在世界各大洋中,可燃冰总资源量大约相当于全球已知煤、石油和天然气总资源量的两倍。李金发指出,从目前我们试采的连续性和产气量来看,离商业性开采距离不远了。在2030年以前,具有最大潜力的天然气水合物资源将会得到商业性开发利用。下一步,试开采团队将继续在附近海域再进行二至三个不同矿区和类别的试开采工作。积累更多试开采经验,为在2030年前进行天然气水合物商业开发打下基础。北京晨报记者 韩娜

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