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C919或拉动万亿美元产业链价值

2017-05-16 08:16:05   中国经济周刊

中国商飞向《中国经济周刊》记者提供的资料显示,波音公司目前将重点放在装配和集成上,其他的活动由供应商完成,这种管理模式被称为全球风险合作下的供应商管理。

以波音公司在全球外包生产程度最高的机型波音787为例,按价格计算,波音公司本身只负责生产大约10%尾翼和最后组装,其余零部件是由40家合作伙伴提供的,机翼是在日本生产的,碳复合材料机身是在意大利和美国其他地方生产的,起落架是在法国生产的。

空客和波音一样,同样在供应链管理中采用了风险共担策略,但不同之处在于空客更为保守,长期以来空客很少把最新机型的关键部件外包出去。例如空客在启动了A380客机项目后,才将A320的机翼外包给西安飞机制造公司生产。

纵观全球国际民用航空制造业,民用干线飞机的制造现在基本已经被波音和空客垄断,其他国家的民用航空制造业总体上尚处于起步阶段,资金分散、技术力量薄弱,只能在支线飞机以下的市场中探寻发展机会。

李晓津教授在接受《中国经济周刊》记者采访时表示:“C919的‘主供’模式在当前条件下是比较合适的,通过在全球范围内选择最优供应商,可以缩短我们的各种差距,借助外力追赶。”

中国商飞方面认为:“主供”模式是顺势而为的必然选择,这一模式可以有效融入世界大型客机产业链,加快与国际接轨的步伐。

新的挑战:接受市场和客户的检验

按照中国商飞的计划,C919首飞成功将进入适航取证阶段,接受各项飞机适航的测试考验,为敲开市场大门做准备。

“适航取证”是大型客机进入市场的前提,是保证大型客机安全性的基础。在民用飞机制造领域,FAA(美国联邦航空管理局)与EASA(欧洲航空安全局)已经在事实上构成了全球标准。一款民用飞机产品如果希望进入全球主流航空市场,获得FAA和EASA的认证极为重要。

在此之前,我国自己研制的喷气式支线客机ARJ21飞机,适航取证用了6年的时间,其间需要经过高温高寒、自然结冰等多重考验,这些科目比首飞时试验的科目难得多。

据媒体报道,C919取证将共计729项,预计飞行4200小时、2282架次,才能完成适航取证任务。

中国商飞认为:一款飞机的研制历程就是一条陡峭曲折的曲线,它每向上、向前一步,都会面对一个新的、看似不可逾越的障碍。

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