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科技利剑缚“气龙” 撬动涪陵大宝藏

2017-05-05 08:16:18   新华网

此外,页岩气开发必不可少的装备桥塞也因其性能稳定、价格低廉等优势,实现工业化批量生产并出口北美市场,价格仅为原来进口的十分之一。

“在没有实现关键装备国产化时,我们普遍采用国外的装备,但成本也非常高”,胡德高对记者说,国产化装备使涪陵页岩气的开发成本大幅度下降,在国际油价低迷的情况下,气田确保了高效开发,实现了持续盈利。

惠及2亿居民的“蓝金”宝藏

2017年3月21日,涪陵页岩气田累计供气突破100亿方,日产量已经突破1600万方,能满足3200万户居民每日用气需求,相当于三个重庆市市民的日用气量。江汉油田涪陵页岩气公司技术中心主任王振兴告诉记者,这100亿方天然气相当于2016年我国年销售天然气量的5%。今年年底,将力争建成100亿方产能的页岩气大气田。

据中国石化统计,百亿方产能页岩气田建成后,可每年减排二氧化碳1200万吨,相当于植树近1.1亿棵、近800万辆经济型轿车停开一年,同时,减排二氧化硫30万吨,氮氧化物近10万吨。

2015年6月,涪陵白涛-石柱王场输气管道与川气东送管道实现互联互通,涪陵页岩气通过川气东送管道,源源不断地为长江经济带发展提供清洁能源,惠及沿线6省2市70多个大中型城市,最远可至上海,上千家企业、2亿多居民从中受益。

除民用外,我国页岩气商业开发已经形成完整产业链。新华网了解到,作为涪陵页岩气下游应用的企业,中国石化四川维尼纶厂累计使用涪陵页岩气12.6亿方。2016年,川维厂以页岩气为原料生产聚乙烯醇产品出口占国内出口份额的50%以上,产品远销北美、欧盟、南美和亚洲等地的数十个国家和地区。

“更深远的意义体现在,中国不仅拥有丰富的页岩气资源,而且涪陵页岩气田创新形成的海相页岩气勘探理论、关键技术装备和可复制、可推广的开发模式,使中国页岩气开发在低油价的新常态下更具市场竞争力。”王振兴说。

走绿色低碳开发之路

由于美国页岩气田处在人口稀少的平原荒漠,环境容量大。而我国页岩气田是在人口稠密的山区,不仅环境容量小,而且环境承载力差。在涪陵页岩气田开发建设中,如何保护当地的生态环境成为无法回避的问题。

“我们始终坚持资源开发与生态保护并重,走绿色低碳开发之路”,胡德高表示。

他强调,涪陵气田的环保标准不能完全照搬美国的标准,要比美国标准更高才行。

钻井中产生的油基钻屑,在美国含油率降至3%-5%以下就算无害化处理,而在涪陵页岩气田规定的标准是0.3%。

页岩气压裂返排液处理,在美国废水可以直接深井灌注;在涪陵页岩气田,废液循环利用率是100%,工业废水必须实现零排放。

这样做无疑会增大成本,但必须这样做,这样我们才是真正的清洁能源、绿色开发。胡德高说。

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