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众所周知,作为一种民事责任,一旦有了侵权行为发生,贵在追究和落实。对于侵害英烈们的权利,同样要及时制止、适时追责。2016年9月20日,针对微博营销号@作业本博主孙杰和加多宝(中国)饮料公司诋毁、侮辱邱少云烈士一案,北京市大兴区人民法院作出一审判决,判决孙杰和加多宝公司公开发布赔礼道歉公告,并向邱少云烈士的弟弟邱少华赔礼道歉,消除影响,连带赔偿精神损害抚慰金1元。当然,这是邱少云烈士有弟弟可以为其伸张正义,而如果没有后人的英烈们,其权利该如何获得保护呢?新颁布《民法总则》的公共利益定性,则使得对于侵犯英烈们的姓名、肖像、名誉、荣誉权的行为,不仅可以由法律上的利益相关人提起诉民事讼或其他权利保护的途径,还可以以公益诉讼的途径由社会组织或人民检察院提起保护。这样就既避免了英烈们的权利无人能保护的尴尬境地,也强化了人民对英烈们的名誉和荣誉的重新认知。
当然,对于英烈们的权利保障仅靠民事法律的保护是远远不够的,还需要相关行政法律、乃至刑事法律的保障。首先,要对侵害英烈们权利的行为进行行政或者刑事制裁。惩恶才能扬善,压倒邪气才能弘扬正气。对于像广州张姓网民等类似的恶意行为,一旦证据确凿,完全应该依据相关法律给予及时的法律制裁。
其次,要积极落实对英烈们及其烈属褒奖的各项政策。制订和落实对英烈们及其烈属的各种褒奖政策既是对英烈及其烈属的一种慰藉,也是对国家与民族精神的一种张扬。根据2011年国务院颁布的《烈士褒扬条例》规定,烈士享有褒扬金,烈士遗属享有抚恤优待的权利。而按照《优抚对象医疗保障办法》规定,烈属还可以享受医疗待遇、住房待遇以及子女教育方面的优先待遇等等。
再次,要逐步完善对英烈们褒扬的法律体系。弘扬烈士精神、褒恤烈士遗属是一个法治国家的应有之举。2007年民政部、财政部、劳动和社会保障部、卫生部联合颁发了《优抚对象医疗保障办法》,2011年国务院重新修订了《烈士褒扬条例》,2014年民政部颁布了《烈士公祭办法》,相关省、自治区和直辖市也颁布了相应的地方政策,我国已经初步形成了保障英烈们权利的法律体系。
保护英烈权益事关民族精神传承和社会正气弘扬,相信随着《民法总则》加入“英烈条款”迈开的重要一步,相关工作会在实践中不断完善,不断在法律层面筑牢社会道德底线,匡扶民族大义。
原标题:英烈的权益和尊严神圣不可侵犯
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