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将互认执行更多司法判决

2017-04-24 04:00:56   法制日报

在香港律政司副首席政府律师林美秀看来,取证安排除优化两地的取证协助合作外,还加强了两地人员的沟通、互动和了解,在两制的平台上找出创新方法解决问题。香港律政司会与香港特区相关机关及内地人民法院保持沟通,致力让取证安排发挥效用。

婚姻家事判决有望互认执行

“两地民商事司法协助仍有很大的发展需要和空间”是与会代表的一致认识。《法制日报》记者注意到,研讨会上,多位代表关注并呼吁两地尽快解决相互认可和执行婚姻家事判决这一问题。

据公开数据,2001年以来,内地、香港婚姻数字以年均8.3%的速度增长。婚姻数量的增加,意味着出现婚姻纠纷的可能性加大。

虽然缺乏制度性安排,但近年来两地司法机关都以个案方式进行了有益探索。2010年,香港终审法院在马琳与杨军离婚案中,以3:2多票认可了广东省深圳市中级人民法院的离婚判决。2011年,最高法批复广东省高级人民法院对香港法院的一起离婚判决予以认可。

为更好地处理涉港婚姻家庭纠纷,深圳大学法学院副教授张淑钿建议,建立“一揽子”婚姻家事判决相互认可与执行安排,涵盖所有婚姻家事判决,涵盖离婚纠纷的司法判决和行政决定,构建比目前单边立法更为宽松、更为简便和清晰的判决认可审查条件。

香港律政司副法律政策专员黄庆康介绍说,两地2016年签署的会谈纪要明确,2017年6月底前将签署相互认可和执行婚姻家庭案件判决安排。目前,两地初步同意该安排的范围将涵盖离婚、领养、子女管养的判决、针对家庭暴力的强制令或保护令以及一些其他在内地婚姻家事案由下的判决,两地互认和执行婚姻家事判决指日可待。

互认民商事判决实践需求大

据统计,去年,全国法院审结各类涉港澳台民商事案件2.3万余件,同比上升17.5%,其中涉港民商事案件1.5万余件,占61.5%;审结的涉港民商事案件呈快速上升趋势,已连续两年保持20%以上的增幅。

最高人民法院民四庭庭长张勇健说:“随着两地人员和经贸往来的日益频繁,两地当事人之间的民商事纠纷不断增多,两地相互认可和执行判决的需求日趋明显。”

2006年,两地签署《关于内地与香港特别行政区法院相互认可和执行当事人协议管辖的民商事案件判决的安排》。由于判决安排仅适用于当事人约定排他性管辖的金钱给付判决,而司法实践中,当事人一般不约定管辖法院或出于执行便利的考虑,约定由香港或内地法院行使非排他性管辖,因此适用该安排的判决为数不多。

黄庆康认为,有必要探讨扩展两地相互认可和执行非当事人协议管辖的民商事法院判决的范围,建议订立全面的相互执行判决框架安排,涵盖各类事宜的判决,包括民事合同和侵权行为所涉及的赔偿、公司清盘等。

实际上,2016年两地签署的会谈纪要明确,要在2017年年底前签署《相互认可和执行非协议管辖民商事案件判决安排》。香港高等法院上诉法庭法官潘兆初认为,这个安排正好填补了之前的空白。

刑事司法协助有待填补空白

司法协助不应仅限于民商事领域。随着涉港案件不断增多、类型更加复杂、纠纷不断衍生,特别是两地跨境犯罪活动逐年增多的情况,两地签署相关安排的范围和空间有待进一步拓宽。

香港城市大学法律学院教授顾敏康说:“毫无疑问,除了民商事合作外,两地还必须加快考虑刑事司法合作问题。”证据安排规定内地法院委托香港法院提取证据的范围包括讯问证人、勘验鉴定等,是否可以成为委托提取刑事证据的契机?顾敏康对此十分期待。

本报西安4月23日电

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