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最后,我们看看欧洲的情况。在俄罗斯和德国都生活过的张舜衡介绍说,俄罗斯的公厕不仅少之又少,而且都是收费为主。不仅本国人怨声载道,外国游客也深受其苦。但在俄罗斯的首都莫斯科和圣彼得堡市情况较为乐观,无论普通的公共厕所还是景区厕所都以实用为主。一般来说,公共厕所内卫生纸、洗手液、干手机等设施配备一应俱全。此外,所有厕所内的水龙头都兼有冷水和热水。莫斯科市内几乎所有景区内的公共厕所均为免费,只在市中心或步行街上一带有收费厕所,其价格均为35-60卢布之间折合人民币大约3元至6元左右。虽然利民基础设施不够完善,但俄罗斯民众对于新式公厕的追求却没有停下脚步。比如在莫斯科的地铁公厕里,乘客可以凭车票免费使用,厕所内装有传感器,使用者如果把东西忘在里面,传感器会示警。
此外,如果一个人在厕所里停留超过十五分钟,警报会响。特别需要注意的是,在下个月莫斯科打算仿效荷兰,设置露天厕所。这一消息引起了各界人士的争议。“露天厕所”项目负责人谢尔盖称:“新一代的露天小便池,专供男性在公共场合使用。小便池将由金属制成,自动运行,不需要额外护理。这将是一个特殊的、免费的厕所。”一些反对者声称,在公共场合走路的时候要看见别人上厕所,这是不道德的。如果俄罗斯对待公厕还在探讨摸索阶段,德国对待公厕就早已软硬兼施了。按照德国政府的硬性指标,城市繁华地段每隔500米应有一座公厕;一般道路每隔1000米应建一座公厕;其他地区每平方公里要有2—3座公厕;整座城市拥有公厕率应为每500—1000人一座。为了遵守“从市民中来,为市民服务”这一公厕选址的最重要原则,德国政府非常重视“软调查”。各城市公厕管理部门在确定厕所的地点、数量、设施时,必须依靠著名调查公司来配合完成。并把所有的意见汇集成几种方案,而后再经市议会投票,最终决定一座公共厕所建在哪里。
原标题:无性别厕所首现上海 盘点各国如何解决公厕资源问题
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