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武汉旅店老板因楼下酒吧噪声大影响生意索赔647万元

2016-08-04 16:40:01   中国新闻网

案件审理过程中,武汉市江岸区法院根据张某的申请,委托武汉市科学技术咨询服务中心对左岸酒吧所产生的噪声污染,自2009年6月至2011年7月对霓虹招待所造成的经营损失进行评估鉴定。对于因酒吧产生的噪声污染造成的营业损失数额,该中心认为,该时段霓虹招待所日收入约11178元,按此地理位置、行业景气及装修情况,平均日入住率约为88%,2009年6月至2011年7月26个月,营业额应为7672579.20元,但霓虹招待所实际收入为1196000元,故噪声污染造成的营业损失数额为6476579.20元。

但鉴定人员表示,鉴定报告中经营损失是根据张某提供的财务凭证计算的,对财务凭证的真实性无法核实。同时也没有就经营损失将同路段同样经营场所进行对比,因为各个商家的经营状况不一样,并且他们的经营状况是保密的,缺乏参照物。所以鉴定报告是“原则上”认为张某经营损失是6476579.20元。

2012年11月12日,张某向一审法院增加诉讼请求,要求吴某赔偿因噪声污染给张某造成的2009年6月至2011年7月的营业损失6476579.20元,及鉴定费129000元。

该案案情虽简单,但确定案由是否存在侵权因果关系,损失计算等方面十分复杂,经过市区两级法院四次审理,2016年7月20日,武汉市中级人民法院作出终审判决,判令吴某限期支付张某2009年6月至2011年7月的经营损失791534.50元,驳回张某的其他诉讼请求,案件受理费58039元,由吴某负担。

武汉中院经审理认为,第一、本案诉求明显超出了相邻不动产普通居民之间的生活消费性影响,因此本案案由应确定为“噪声污染责任纠纷”而不是“相邻关系纠纷”,应当适用《中华人民共和国环境保护法》、《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》、《中华人民共和国环境噪音污染防治法》及相关司法解释进行审理。

第二、噪声和经营损失是否存在因果关系?根据《最高人民法院关于审理环境侵权责任纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第六条规定,张某应对吴某所经营的左岸酒吧存在环境污染行为、因该环境污染行为对其经营招待所造成了损害承担举证责任,就污染行为与损害结果之间存在关联性提供初步证据材料。吴某应对污染行为与损害结果之间不存在因果关系承担举证责任。现武汉市江岸区环境保护局的检测结果证明吴某在经营左岸酒吧的过程中,排放的噪声值超过国家规定排放标准的事实,张某所经营的霓虹招待所主营业务为住宿,该业务性质决定其经营收入必定会受到噪音的影响,且吴某也认可该招待所的经营因噪音的影响受到了损失。故法院认为侵权因果关系成立。

第三、损失如何认定?由于环境污染行为的特殊性,受害人遭受到的损害往往具有隐蔽性、持续性以及缓释性等特点,其本身也受到专业技术能力不能及信息不对称的限制,很难及时保全及全面举示关于损害数额的证据,在此情况下,法院可适当减轻受害人对损害的证明义务。招待所所提供的为住宿服务,该行业经营特点为在一定程度上受季节影响的基础上,开业后营业额逐步上升,上升一段时间后因设施逐渐老旧营业额逐步下行。

本案中,张某经营的霓虹招待所于2007年12月开始营业,其受到吴某经营的左岸酒吧噪音污染侵权持续期间为2009年6月至2011年7月,该段期间应为霓虹招待所营业额增长的平稳期。霓虹招待所2014年12月底重新开业,2015年2月至5月应为其营业额的起步期。故法院以[2015年2月至5月的未受到噪音污染情况下的月平均营业收入×利润率(按照张某经营状况及经济型酒店的利润率50%计算)-2009年6月1日至2011年6月30日受到噪音污染情况下的月平均收入×利润率(按照张某提交的经营简况中的中等利润率25%计算)]×25个月,即为(87242.75×50%-47840元×25%)×25个月=791534.50元。

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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