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中国首次披露公务员总数:716.7万,官多兵少

2016-06-21 06:56:14   中国经济周刊

那么,我国究竟有多少人在“吃财政饭”?

我国财政供养人员约5000万人,

膨胀压力很大

财政供养人员,是指由国家财政负担工资福利的公职人员,涉及范围有狭义和广义之分。

狭义的财政供养人员,仅指政府机关人员,又称国家公务员,在国外称政府机关雇员或文官;广义的财政供养人员,又称公职人员,在国外称政府雇员,不仅包括政府机关人员,还包括由财政供养的公共机构人员,如公立机构的教师、医生、环境卫生人员、图书馆管理人员等,相当于我国的事业单位人员。

按照权威的统计方法,我国财政供养人员分为两大部分:一是政府机关人员,包括国家机关人员、政党机关人员和社会团体机关人员;二是事业单位人员,包括教育、医疗卫生、科研、文化等公立部门人员。

从这个定位看,显然,目前公布的716.7万公务员是指狭义的财政供养人员。

“我认为,应当从广义角度来界定财政供养人员。”中国行政管理学会副秘书长沈荣华接受《中国经济周刊》记者采访时表示。

我国广义的财政供养人员到底是多少?根据国家统计局统计的数据,2008年政府机关人员1328万,事业单位人员2618万,财政供养人员合计为3946万人,占总人口的比重为2.97%,比值为1:34。据记者了解,2008年以后,国家统计局再没有对财政供养人员总数进行过统计,竹立家向《中国经济周刊》记者介绍,目前我国财政供养人员约5000万人。

目前约5000万“吃财政饭”的人员究竟是多了还是少了?沈荣华告诉《中国经济周刊》记者,数字本身并不能说明问题,因为财政供养人员数量是否适度,取决于多方面因素,迄今为止国内外并没有普遍适用的统一标准。

在沈荣华看来,评判财政供养人员多少的依据,主要看是否与本国国情相适应,特别是与本国的发展阶段、人口规模、政府职能、政府结构、政府财力等因素相适应,既要满足政府履行职能的需要,又要防止人员过多,增加行政成本。

他根据自己多年的研究得出结论:从历史上看,财政供养人员总量已不少,膨胀压力很大。“党政机关和事业单位作为就业的热门领域,面临巨大的进人压力,如每年都需接纳一定数量的高校毕业生和军转干部等新增就业人员,而机关事业单位人员的消化渠道不畅,主要是自然减员,数量十分有限,基本上是出少进多,财政供养人员规模存在扩张趋势。”沈荣华说。

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