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3
训练模式从单一到多变
刘潇潇告诉记者,以往警犬的训练模式单一,日复一日进行同一种训练,让犬形成一种惯性。但此次训练却突出一个“变”字。“因为搜油犬需要在大人流的环境中全靠捕捉气味搜索,基于这种工作的特殊性,警犬对于人流的密集性和环境的改变,需要很强的适应能力。只有遇到各种情况都能稳定地发挥,才能起到搜索的作用。”刘潇潇说,起初,队员们带着警犬去地铁内进行实地训练,遇到客流高峰的时候,警犬会出现“蒙”的情况,“因为在大院内训练时,警犬没有见过这么多乘客一起涌入地铁安检区域,它们一下就忘了自己要做什么。”
为了能够改善这样的情况,训练员想出模拟大客流的方式进行训练。“我们每天固定训练6小时,除以往的几名助训员顺序进入模拟安检区域的方式,还会模拟地铁高峰期的大客流,让警犬‘见多识广’。”刘潇潇说,训练过程中参与人数最多时,有十余名助训员会模拟乘客,同时分为三排进入模拟区域。“刚开始警犬看见这么多人有点慌张,后来习惯了,知道不论面对多少人,它都得不间断工作。”
不仅如此,搜油犬还接受了更严格的测试。刘潇潇称,训练后期,他们给警犬设置了一个几乎是不可能完成的试题。“我们将十毫升汽油放入一个矿泉水瓶中,然后将瓶盖拧紧。随后用宽胶带将瓶口彻底缠住后放入牛皮纸袋,牛皮纸袋封口后放入四个厚纸板的盒子内,再用胶带封住盒子,放在行李箱内。”刘潇潇讲述,当助训员拿着行李箱通过模拟安检区域时,犬很快锁定了目标。“犬的嗅觉比我们想象的更加敏锐,再加上受过专业训练,对非常细微的汽油味都不放过。”刘潇潇说,目前30只已经训练成熟的搜油犬能够达到这种水平。
【攻坚克难】
“空气导流仪”攻克遗漏错找
说起训练过程,可谓一路艰辛。徐云龙告诉记者,训练搜油犬会受到很多客观因素的影响,“因为警犬和目标气体存在着一定的距离,所以也特别容易受到外界因素的干扰。”训练初期,警犬总是会找错或者漏找目标,而后随着训练的深入、包装汽油物品的密封性越来越好,警犬又出现不确定目标和犹豫的情况。“这是我们在训练中遇到的瓶颈。在那个阶段,警犬的能力已经完全开发,再重复之前的训练内容和模式已经不能解决这个问题。”经过多次试验,他们发现警犬的延时性和风向有很大关系,如果风向稳定,警犬就很少出错。
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