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血荒江湖:血贩子招人一年能赚四五十万

2016-04-26 09:40:55   中国经济周刊

也有买了数十次血却没有跟血贩子谋过面的人。在河北燕郊陆道培医院,王振明(化名)已经从血贩子那里买了三四十次血小板,却一直不清楚跟自己打交道的是谁。“我们通过微信联系,血来了就微信付款,也不用开互助单,他们手里有很多空白的单子。”

对于血贩子,王振明甚至有些感激。在来医院之前,他的父亲在山西老家住院。年前血库缺血严重,王振明的父亲一直输不上血,血小板掉到了正常人的十分之一。“我甚至托关系找了地方的领导,都没有调来血。”

住在同一医院的张永许则向《中国新闻周刊》展示了厚厚一沓费用单。从2015年12月16日至2016年2月25日的71天内,他的儿子共用了37个单位的血小板、14个单位的红细胞。“一个单位的血小板是500元、红细胞1200元,30万的血费,大部分给了血贩子。”

春节期间,血贩子还涨了价,血小板一个单位要1000元,红细胞一个单位则涨到2500元。“我们有什么办法,只能接受。”一位家长用手拍打着胸口,语气中满是酸楚。

“互助献血对无偿献血来说是饮鸩止渴。”互助献血刚开始,北京医院输血科主任、北京市输血质量控制和改进中心主任宫济武就下了这样一个论断,“互助献血虽然表面上解决了血液紧张的问题,但是对于推进无偿献血事业来说是一剂毒药。”

武汉市在2011年8月给推行了两年的互助献血亮了黄灯,规定任何人要用血,只能等待血液中心和医院的调配。其中一个原因即是,他们发现,亲友互助献血在实行过程中出现了普遍的买卖献血证牟利的情况,有悖无偿献血的宗旨。

某血站一位负责人告诉《中国新闻周刊》,有些医生甚至为了减小手术压力让患者去互助。“比如说肝脏手术,医院血库只配给800ml血,医生会让患者再去找400ml血,称‘不然手术做不了’。”

北京红十字血液中心(以下简称“血液中心”)曾对2009年到2012年的互助献血人群进行统计,他们惊讶地发现,互助献血人群的HIV感染率比同期无偿献血人群高一倍。“来互助的群体不稳定,且大多是无业游民。”因此,2014年以后,国家卫计委开始在全国血站推广核酸检测技术,以控制病毒的传播。

2015年,卫计委下发《关于进一步加强血液管理工作的意见》,要求各地加强互助献血管理,原则上仅在稀有血型和急救用血等情形下启动互助献血,不断降低互助献血率。此时,北京的互助献血比例刚由3.6%上升到6%。

暴利的贩血生意

王明(化名)是第一个抵达牡丹园一家超市的顾客。超市刚一开门,他就迅速走到了超市地下一层的快餐区。最近几天,他大部分时间都耗在这里。

王明是一个血贩子,也有人叫他“血头”或者“板哥”,这与他的业务有关系:贩卖血和血小板。王明出生于1992年,身高不足一米七,两只眼睛被脂肪包裹着;他身着深色的牛仔裤,和红灰相间的羽绒服,看起来敦实又不乏机警。

王明来这里的目的是等待所谓的“献血者”,并将他们转手给别的血贩子,以赚取差价。“两会期间,北京红十字血液中心门口查得严。”王明告诉《中国新闻周刊》。王明落脚的超市距离血液中心只有五百多米的距离,“行动起来方便又安全”。

责任编辑:周晶晶 CN032、柯旺 CN044
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