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合肥被毁容少女:8万精神赔偿能抚平多少伤痛

2016-03-26 14:33:34   新京报

●民事诉讼中关于精神损害赔偿法定标准立法存在空白

根据《侵权责任法》第二十二条的规定,侵害他人人身权益,造成他人严重精神损害的,被侵权人可以请求精神损害赔偿。但法律中没有对精神损害赔偿的标准进行明确具体的规定,精神损害赔偿确有因每个案件具体情况、情节、给被侵权人造成的损害结果等方面不同而可能存在差别,难以在法律中直接进行具体量化的规定,但作为人们的人身权益受到侵害后的一项重要赔偿主张项目,应当通过法律对所需要考虑的因素进行明确具体的规定,将被侵权人的所受到的精神损害、打击和压力作为最主要的因素首先进行考虑。

●司法解释仍旧忽略对精神损害的具体数额进行界定

根据最高人民法院2001年发布的《关于确定民事侵权精神损害赔偿责任若干问题的解释》的规定,精神损害赔偿数额根据以下因素确定,即侵权人的过错程度,侵害的手段、场合、行为方式等具体情节,侵权行为所造成的后果,侵权人的获利情况,侵权人承担责任的经济能力,受诉法院所在地平均生活水平。

随着社会的发展,各种违法犯罪的新情况不断出现,需要更加具体的标准,最高法院也可以发布一些指导案例,对基层法院的判决作出指引,周岩这个案件是很好契机。

●法院适用多年前的指导标准裁判,是本案标准过低的直接原因

安徽省高级人民法院在2006年发布了《审理人身损害赔偿案件若干问题的指导意见》,在第二十五条有以下内容,确定精神抚慰金的数额时,可以参考下列标准:

“公民身体权、健康权遭受的伤害已经构成伤残等级,精神抚慰金的数额可以结合受害人的伤残等级确定,一般不低于5000元,但不能高于80000元;(依据相应伤残等级,按照每个级别递减10%计算)”

“造成公民死亡的,精神抚慰金的数额一般不低于50000元,但不得高于80000元。”

中级法院严格按照高级法院的指导意见进行裁判,判决本身没有问题,但对被侵权人来说,这样的额度显然无法补偿对其精神所造成的伤害。

首先需要说明的是,该指导意见的标准已出台十年之久,现今还严格的适用显然已经不符合社会、经济等发展的需要。其次,本案具有特殊性,不同于一般的(交通事故等)人身损害赔偿案件,会对人的精神造成严重损害;该《指导意见》中还指出了,该(判决赔偿的)标准是参考标准,如案件有其他特殊侵权情节的,精神抚慰金的数额可以不按上述标准确定。

●特殊案件可以适当突破原有的判决标准

考虑到本案的特殊情况,以及标准的严重滞后性,可以在判决中有所突破,例如北京的法院就曾有过先例,周岩案件可以参考北京的案件。

2007年,北京第一中级法院在审理“售票员掐死清华大学某教授的女儿”一案中,根据案件的具体情况,就曾做出赔偿该教授夫妇30万元的精神损害抚慰金、并以法院的名义对该教授表示同情的判决;而此前,该售票员已经被法院判处死刑缓期两年执行。

新京报记者王巍韩雪枫编辑张太凌

责任编辑:丁勇 CN007
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