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山东多地女教师扎堆生二孩 学校发愁没人上课

2016-03-22 11:26:43   中国新闻网

这些受过良好教育的年轻女性,她们没有过重的家庭负担,富有青春活力,会教书、能管理、懂教研。可是现在,她们也正处于生二胎的最佳年华。全面二孩政策一落地,这些适龄的年经妈妈心中多少都开始憧憬两个孩子的生活。

但“阴盛阳衰”的教师性别比造成的影响,如今却被二孩新政放大。记者了解到,在德州武城县实验小学,语文教研组23名教师中,仅有一名男教师,该校老师打趣道:“女老师是白菜,男老师是葱花。”

即便比例不如此悬殊,多数中小学里,男女教师比例也差不多是二八分。有统计显示,近五年来师范类的大学生、中小学的新招教师中,男性的比例都大量减少,多数学校男女教师比例不足“二八分”。一名要求匿名的校长介绍,该小学有8名男教师,除4人是班主任外,其余分布在学校中层管理岗位上,而且还是以45岁以上的人员居多。除了体育课以外,承担了语文、数学两大科的教学工作的男教师更是稀缺。一个被普遍认同的现象是,在中小学,校园几乎成了女教师的天下。曾有媒体对我省17所小学进行统计调查,总共1260名教师中,男教师只有224名,女教师多达1036名。也就是说,平均5名女教师能配上1名男教师,个别小学男教师人数甚至没有突破两位数。一所学校里男教师5人,女教师49人,男女教师比几乎达到了1:10。一所小学的校长解释,“很多师范院校的男毕业生不愿意做小学老师,另外,在传统观念中,男性是家庭的经济支柱,小学教师的待遇不能满足部分男老师的需求。”

值得注意的是,这一现象在幼儿园更为严重。据《中国教育统计年鉴》数据显示,我国幼儿园教职工总数100万人左右,从事教育教学工作的男教师不到1万人,也就是说男性幼儿教师的比例约为1%。据城区一家幼儿园的负责人介绍,每年应聘的男性人数很少,一百人里也就一两个人。

有专家表示,希望通过制定科学的教师招聘政策,并提高男教师的薪酬待遇,来解决男女教师比例失调的问题。为此,我省公布的《关于全面加强教师队伍建设的意见》(讨论稿)中提出,鼓励优秀男青年积极报考师范类专业并从事幼儿园、中小学教育教学工作,逐步改善幼儿园、中小学教师性别结构失衡问题。

多地学校筹备 代课教师顶岗

对省内多地多所中小学的采访发现,虽然中小学普遍面临“产假式”缺员的困难,但像外地一些媒体报道的“怀孕审批”、“排队生子”等现象并不多见,大多数校长对女教师生育二孩持宽容态度。“女教师扎堆生育确实会对教学秩序造成一定影响,但女教师的生育权高于学校的教学秩序。因此,不能以剥夺或限制生育权的非法手段来解决难题。”山东高密市教科院法律研究员、兼职律师解立军说。

这一观点得到了多数学校校长的支持。因此尽管“宽容”,各学校的校长们都开始想方设法应对已经或可能出现的“产假式”缺员困难。

记者了解到,早在去年寒假期间,德州新湖南路小学校长马瑞娟就开始“广撒网”招聘代课教师,为的是在生育高峰到来之前充实教师队伍。“今年招了15名代课老师,能在一定程度上缓解老师缺员的压力。”马瑞娟说,一旦出现“产假式”缺员,临时聘请代课教师“替补”,已经成为学校最常见的应对办法。

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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