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流浪猫舍接连被烧引思考:仅有爱心是不够的

2016-03-17 16:51:16   中国新闻网

位于安贞西里二区居民楼下的猫舍(现状)

律师:小区内放火涉嫌危害公共安全

在现行法律的角度,“烧猫”能否“入刑”,取决于是否对人造成了危害。北京市京师律师事务所高级合伙人许浩律师认为,猫舍如果搭建在人员相对密集的场所,比如居民小区内,纵火烧死流浪猫,则涉嫌构成放火罪。

放火罪是指故意放火焚烧公私财物,危害公共安全的行为。放火罪是危险犯,即达到可能造成危害的危险就既遂。譬如火烧起来了,虽然最后没烧死人,也可能构成犯罪。

显然,安贞西里二区20号楼下的猫舍失火就危害到了公共安全。如果确认是有人纵火,除了可能承担刑事责任外,还需要承担民事赔偿责任,即赔偿他人的经济损失。

而像右安门猫舍失火这种情况,为流浪猫维权可能就无法取得理想效果。这是因为,如果只是为流浪猫搭建猫舍、长期投喂,没有占有流浪猫的真实意思,就不能对流浪猫构成法律意义上的所有或占有。猫舍如果搭建在空旷的无人场所,纵火烧死流浪猫,是不承担民事、刑事责任的。

虽然爱心人士是否取得流浪猫的所有权不好界定,但是猫舍属于爱心人士的私人财物,如果猫舍的价值数额较大,即财物损失五千元以上,有可能构成故意损害财物罪。

许浩介绍,目前国内杀害动物能够达到入刑标准的,都是国家重点保护的珍贵、濒危野生动物。至于流浪猫狗等小动物,此前有专家倡议起草反虐待动物法,但只是专家建议稿,尚未进入立法机关的立法程序。他表示,虐狗或虐猫行为确实需要一定的约束,因为这反映了社会的文明程度。

专业人士:“圈养”是想当然的善良

“烧猫事件”凸显出的另一个问题,其实是对流浪猫的“圈养”。记者在安贞西里二区采访时了解到,被烧死的流浪猫以前大多是在小区里面游荡,大约两年前,爱心人士搭建了猫舍,流浪猫被“圈养”起来。而右安门的李逢华之所以搭建猫舍,是为了给一些年老患病的流浪猫“养老”。有的爱心人士甚至自己舍不得吃肉,却经常买来鸡肝和肉,炖熟之后喂流浪猫。

见到一只喂一只,是最朴素的善良。然而,即使做了绝育,街头流浪猫的数量并没有明显下降趋势。一方面,随意抛弃,导致流浪猫群体增加,另一方面,个体救助者并没有长远的目标。单纯的善良,只能让流浪猫有口饭吃,并不能从根儿上解决流浪猫问题。

在北京市小动物保护协会的一份工作总结里提到,推行TNR模式(即捕捉、结扎、放养),是现今唯一经过证实能有效控制街猫数量的办法。在TNR模式中,首先是尽可能地把一个群落的猫全部捕捉起来,施以结扎手术后,最后放回它们原来生活的地方。这种模式也是实践“尊重、保护动物”的先进理念,其最终目标,是使一个地区的流浪猫数量降为零。

在“烧猫事件”中,搭建猫舍的“圈养”和TNR模式中的放养形成了鲜明对比。“圈养”不仅剥夺了流浪猫的自由,也使得绝育的意义大打折扣。而且,搭建猫舍需要占地,不仅占用了人的大量精力,还可能会存在扰民的问题,实际上激化了人与流浪猫的矛盾。而圈养的好处,仅仅是让流浪猫获得食物更容易,人的同情心也能从中得到满足。

“成年的流浪猫每只都有各自的习性,它们更适合在熟悉的环境中生活,不容易融入家庭,或是和其它猫在一起生活。”北京市保护小动物协会爱猫分会顾问赵宇介绍,不少人对猫“好”,其实是从人的角度出发的,这样往往是害了猫。

赵宇介绍,在猫只密度不大的情况下,流浪猫是可以圈养的。但是在独立空间内,流浪猫的数量必须要小于7只。“每只流浪猫身上的菌群不一样,流浪猫数量太多,会导致其身上的菌群发生变异,不利于流浪猫的健康。”赵宇说,无论猫舍是5平方米,还是1000平方米,里面的流浪猫都不能多于7只。

另外,喂猫吃鸡肝也不科学。赵宇解释,肝脏富含维生素A,猫吃多了会导致贫血症。“不能看它爱吃就喂它什么。”他并不认同给年老得病的流浪猫“养老”的说法,而是建议实行安乐死,将其从痛苦中解脱出来。

赵宇的观点是,爱就要理性的去爱,这才是对流浪猫的爱护。

本报记者 王琪鹏 张硕 文并摄

责任编辑:柯旺 CN044
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