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华南首例!江西14岁少年在广州移植“猪角膜”后复明

2016-03-09 08:33:16   南方网

袁进教授在进行生物角膜移植手术。受访者供图

猪的角膜,移植到人的眼睛里,会发生什么奇妙的效果?2月25日,华南首例生物工程角膜移植手术,在中山大学中山眼科中心获得成功。来自江西的14岁少年,成为华南第一例接受生物工程角膜移植的患者。

猪的角膜,移植到人的眼睛里,会发生什么奇妙的效果?2月25日,华南首例生物工程角膜移植手术,在中山大学中山眼科中心获得成功。来自江西的14岁少年,成为华南第一例接受生物工程角膜移植的患者。生物工程角膜开发方专家表示,选择的生物工程角膜,是来自猪的角膜。经过一星期的治疗,目前恢复良好,该少年的视力已经达到了0.1。“在移植手术开展前,孩子的右眼仅有眼前指动,几近于盲人。在随后的康复过程中,孩子的视力有望恢复到0.6的水平”。中山眼科中心角膜病专科袁进教授表示,“这意味着在全部500万角膜盲病患中,有1/3-1/2的病患可以通过这一技术来解决失明的问题。”

我国角膜病变

致盲人数超过500万人

如果说人眼是一部相机,角膜就是这架复杂相机的镜头。人体的角膜厚薄不均,但平均厚度也就是0.5毫米左右。可就是这么单薄的角膜,也可以分成5个层级,分别是上皮细胞层、前弹力层、基质层、后弹力层和内皮细胞层。

这些角膜的不同层面,所起的作用各有不同。比如上皮细胞层,虽然仅仅由5-7层细胞组成,但它是角膜抵御外来侵犯的第一道防线。而角膜最厚处为基质层,它占据角膜的厚度的90%,可以称为眼角膜最为核心的支架部分。基质层的结构和构成非常有利于光线通过和曲折,一旦基质层出现受损,会对视力造成一定的损害。

也正是因为角膜的纤细、脆弱,外伤、感染等刺激都可能导致角膜疾病的发生。严重的角膜病变,可导致患者失明。解决的办法只能是进行角膜移植。“在我国,因角膜病变导致的失明患者数量超过500万人,而且仍在进一步增加,它也成为我国第二大的致盲原因”,袁进表示,这些角膜盲患者,完全可以通过角膜移植的方式来恢复光明。

角膜移植技术可实现

哪层受损就移植哪层

今年2月25日,华南首例生物工程角膜移植手术在中山大学中山眼科中心获得成功。来自江西的14岁少年成为华南第一例接受生物工程角膜“艾欣瞳”移植的患者。少年的眼睛年初不慎被鞭炮炸伤,形成角膜溃疡,因病情加重面临失明风险,家长带着他慕名来到中山大学中山眼科中心求助。

袁进亲自主刀,为患者实施了生物工程角膜移植手术。经过一星期的治疗,目前恢复良好,孩子的视力已经达到了0.1。“而在移植手术开展前,孩子的右眼仅有眼前指动,几近于盲人。在随后的康复过程中,孩子的视力有望恢复到0.6的水平”。

据悉,在角膜移植术刚刚出现的阶段,眼科医生进行手术往往是将移植体的全部五层统统移植到患者眼部,这称之为穿透移植。随着手术技术的发展和对角膜移植研究的深入,越来越多的手术进步到了患者哪层角膜受损就移植哪个层级的板层移植阶段。“以我们中心为例,以往的穿透移植超过70%以上,而现在超过一半的手术都是进行的板层移植。”袁进介绍。

国内41个眼库

眼角膜库存几乎为零

虽然在技术层面已经能够非常成熟地开展,可手术的最主要来源———角膜的匮乏,却一直在制约着500万角膜盲病人的光明之路。根据角膜移植的相关法律法规,我国的角膜材料来源一直只能是依靠捐赠,如活体或者尸体捐赠。

但类似的角膜捐献者数量有限,和我国庞大的角膜盲人数量相比存在巨大的缺口。据悉,在我国有能力长期保存眼角膜的眼库,全国共有41个,但库存几乎为零。大部分能做角膜移植的三甲医院,都同样面临“等米下锅”的困境。中山眼科中心的角膜移植量非常庞大,但一般病患的排队等候时间往往需要半年至一年以上的时间。

“为缓解角膜短缺的问题,我国还不得不从角膜捐献量比较大的国家进口以供移植”,袁进表示,在发力宣传角膜捐献,鼓励越来越多的人能够在去世后捐献角膜之外,利用生物技术制造成生物角膜也成了重要选择。

责任编辑:孙启浩 cn037
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