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专家:《武媚娘》暴露服装和唐朝没一点关系(图)

2015-01-03 12:21:10   环球网

范冰冰的《武媚娘传奇》开播大热银幕,而片中女子们身着的一件件袒胸露乳的服饰引发了大众的争议。唐朝女子是怎样穿衣的呢?真的如此开放吗?

一位古代服饰研究者告诉记者:“唐代女装的基本穿着是三件套:裙、衫、帔。而《武媚娘传奇》剧中主角衣服“和唐朝一点关系也没有,只有宫女之类的服饰,稍许有些唐朝服饰的影子在”。此外,初唐服饰较为紧致,形象也以清瘦为主,中晚唐开始往丰满宽大的风格发展。

值得注意的是,电视剧中常常设置的酥胸半露领口低开的情况,并非初唐就已出现。

到武周开元前后,衫子的领口才开得较低,出现一些“淡红衫子掩酥胸”的画面。此外,酥胸半露的装束一般只在特定场合穿着,如在宫廷、闺房中。

在许多唐代历史、小说作品中,均有对唐代妇女服饰的记载。

唐朝牛僧孺的《玄怪录》中记载了一位平民妇女的衣着:“小童捧箱,内有故青裙、白衫子、绿帔子”。再有《仙传拾遗·许老翁》中说,唐时益州士曹柳某妻,“黄罗银泥裙,五晕罗银泥衫子,单丝罗红地银泥帔子,盖益都之盛服也。”考古学家孙机先生在《唐朝妇女的服装与化妆》一文中写道“

裙、衫、帔,这是唐时女装的三要素,无论地位尊卑、服饰丰俭,这基本的3件是必不可少的。

“衫”是唐代女性日常穿用的长袖上衣,式样为窄袖短身。唐代各种文献中,但凡提及日常女装,上衣多称作“衫子”、“衫”,如“藕丝衫子柳花裙”、“红衫窄裹小撷臂”、“香衫窄袖裁”等。在新疆吐鲁番的阿斯塔那206墓出土的《唐质库帐历》中,登记了大量普通百姓典当赎取记录,其中涉及女衣者,几乎全数做“衫子”。衫子一般指单衣,到了冬天,则改用夹衣,也成为“夹衫子”。

另外,初唐时期衫子袖窄,诗词中也常有“红衫窄裹小撷臂”等描述,中晚唐衫子则略微宽松一些。衫子的领子式则较为多样,根据陶俑、壁画等文物,有直领对襟、交领、圆领对襟、圆领斜襟等多种形式。

上身着“衫”,下身则穿“裙”。唐初基本沿袭隋朝妇女穿着,短衫长裙,裙腰系得很高,在腰部以上,甚至系于腋下,显得裙子很长。孙机先生考证,由于古代布帛幅面较窄,缝制裙子要用好几幅布帛拼接在一起。唐代一般用六幅布帛制成,《新唐书·车服志》记载,唐文宗在提倡节俭的前提下,曾要求“妇人裙不过五幅”。华贵一些的裙子则用到七幅到八幅。根据《旧唐书·食货志》中关于布帛宽窄尺寸的记录,每幅布帛约等于现在的0.53米宽,那么文宗所提倡的五幅之群约合2.65米宽。

唐妇女大多喜爱色彩浓艳的裙子,在文献中常将红裙称为“石榴裙”。如《开元天宝遗事》说长安仕女游春时,用“红裙递相插挂,以为宴帷”。许多诗人的诗句也反映了这种喜好,如白居易写的“山石榴花染舞裙”、唐人万楚在《五月观妓》中说:“眉黛夺将萱草色,红裙妒杀石榴花。”

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