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防范儿童性早熟是家长的必修课 这些事情应少做

2018-06-07 07:41:01    中国网

儿童性早熟是儿科常见的内分泌疾病,可出现身高和体重过快增长和骨骼成熟加速。性早熟的发生与多种因素有关,有些患儿性早熟可查到明确的器质性原因,但对于特发性中枢性性早熟,目前仍无法明确病因,肥胖、生活饮食习惯、环境污染、地域及遗传因素等,均可能与之相关。

判断性早熟还要分“真假”

专家表示,除了年龄因素外,在医生眼里儿童性早熟还有“直假”之分。因为正常人生长发育成熟,是受下丘脑—垂体—性腺(卵巢、睾丸)轴控制的,下丘脑是这个控制系统的司令部。到一定的年龄后,下丘脑分泌促性腺激素释放激素,“命令”脑垂体释放促性腺激素,刺激卵巢或睾丸发育,即被称为“真性性早熟”,属于临床常见的儿童内分泌疾患,发病率约为1/5000—1/10000,主要表现为性发育过早,骨骼成熟较快,导致骨骺提前闭合,影响患儿的身高。外周性性早熟,也就是我们通常说的“假性性早熟”是源于外界原因引起的体内性激素升高至青春期水平,故只有第二性征的早现,但不具有完整的性发育过程。一旦去除外界不良因素刺激,大部分假性性早熟症状就会慢慢消失。王云峰提醒说,家长如果发现孩子出现第二性征的发育,应引起重视,并尽快到医院让医生给评估一下孩子是不是性早熟,以及会不会对未来的生长发育产生影响。大家关心的“长不高”或是“骨龄提前”,并不是诊断性早熟的特异性指标。判定“直假性早熟”需要在医院进行相关激素检查,同时还要结合患儿性发育状态和性征进展情况、身高及骨龄的变化、B超等结果,由医生进行综合分析判断。

尽早治疗心理治疗别忽视

我国儿童性早熟患病率为0.43%,以此推算,全国约有50余万性早熟患儿。性早熟的治疗目的是以改善患儿的成年期身高为核心,尤其是 7岁以下中枢性性早熟儿童治疗后,对身高的改善效果更明显。

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