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美退教科文组织 不只不想交钱这么简单

2017-10-13 10:40:09   中国网

教科文组织经常被称为联合国的“灵魂”。美国的退出,可能会留下一个巨大的真空,这个真空会由其他国家填补。

2、我们知道,美国从2011年起就一直拖欠着该组织的会费,至今已有5亿美元之多。当时还是奥巴马政府。美国为什么会拖欠会费?退出之后,这笔钱还会还吗?

任我行:起因是2011年教科文组织批准巴勒斯坦成为正式成员国。此前巴勒斯坦只是观察员。我们知道美国跟以色列是坚定盟友,教科文组织此举,相当于是“冒大国之大不韪”,变相承认了巴勒斯坦是一个国家,这当然是美国和以色列不能容忍的,况且当时美国国会也是由共和党控制的。因此当年度,美国就以不符合国内法律为由,砍掉了8000万美元的会费,占该年度教科文组织会费的22%。以色列当然也停掉了交会费。

不光他们,英国、日本今年的会费也没交,按说7-8月就该交了。英国的理由是教科文组织“管理混乱”;日本则是因为中韩等国要联合申报慰安妇史料的世界记忆遗产,实际上是以拖欠会费为要挟,希望阻止这样的申报。日本2015年的会费也是拖到了2016年才交的。

目前,排名前三的会费国是美国、日本、中国。美国22%,日本9%多,中国7.9%左右。跟联合国会费的缴纳比例算法基本一致。

美国退出之后肯定不会补缴会费的,想都不用想。本来计划的就是希拉里上台之后能补,但也只是补一部分。

美国的拖欠以及此次退出,对教科文组织运转影响很大。近六年来,教科文组织基本没有招聘正常的职员(教科文组织正式雇员的薪水从各国缴纳的会费中支出),也影响到正常工作的开展。

这也不是美国第一次退出。1983年,美国就以教科文组织“充满了反西方论调,具有危及新闻自由和自由市场的因素”,其活动“过于政治化”为由表达了退出的意向,之后在1984年退出了。1985年英国也跟着退出。直到2003年小布什期间,美国才重新加入。

3、美国为什么对教科文组织不满?此前拖欠会费对美国有什么影响?美国虽然退出,但有可能继续以观察员身份参加,这对未来有什么影响?

任我行:根本原因就一个,在这里,美国经常感到自己的意志得不到贯彻。这是一个“知识分子的机构”,也是一个“多边分子的机构”,一个国家一票,美国没有否决权。因此,美国才会“不屑”、“不满”、“不给钱”。

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