新闻 > 社会
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China

黄河变清调查:绿色巨变藏风险 小水小沙隐患重

2017-09-25 11:27:36   瞭望

张金良说,汾川河“2013.7”洪水具有非常重要的警示意义。河流输沙量与流量的高次方成正比,当雨强到一定程度,超过植被承受范围,径流就会突然成倍增加,带走大量泥沙。这也证明,水土保持措施只在一定量级降雨下起作用,一旦发生超量级降雨,水土流失反而会加大。

目前黄土高原已建淤地坝5.84万座,控制水土流失总面积的16%,成为拦减黄河泥沙的重要防线。骨干坝的淤积年限一般在10~20年,中小型淤地坝一般在5~10年。很多淤地坝建设时间较早,部分坝拦沙库容已满,失去拦沙功能;一旦发生超设计标准的暴雨洪水,可能导致淤地坝系“串糖葫芦”式垮塌,将拦淤的泥沙重新输送入河。

流经陕西佳县的佳芦河是黄河的一级支流,流域内的柳沟淤地坝建于上世纪70年代,经过40年的淤积,基本淤满。2012年7月,突发暴雨将淤地坝冲垮,仅三天时间,淤沙全部被冲走。流域内的康崖窑淤地坝也被冲毁,仅20个小时,所淤泥沙就全被带走。

张金良认为,黄河主要产沙区的产沙能力在长时期内不会变化,泥沙供给可以说是无限的。对于特定的产沙区,存在一定的降雨阈值,当降雨条件小于该阈值时,侵蚀产生的沙量不断滞存于坡面或局部沟道内,入黄沙量很小;当降雨条件满足该阈值时,长期“零存”的沙量将被大规模“整取”入黄。而淤地坝、梯田等拦沙工程,也存在“零存整取”风险。

在长期枯水枯沙后,1998年7月,内蒙古鄂尔多斯西柳沟流域迎来大暴雨,7月12日,含沙量达1350公斤每立方米的洪水入黄河后,携带的泥沙将黄河拦腰截断,形成一座长10公里、宽1.5公里、厚6.27米,淤积量近1亿立方米的巨型沙坝,造成巨大灾害。

工作人员在模型黄河小浪底库区断面进行含沙垂直测量 朱祥摄

大洪水几率增加

自1982年黄河下游发生15300立方米每秒洪水后,黄河已连续34年未发生超过10000立方米每秒量级的洪水,但风平浪静之中暗藏忧患。

2016年7月,属海河流域,但紧邻黄河的豫北地区出现大暴雨,若这场降雨偏移到黄河流域,花园口水文站洪峰流量将达18900立方米每秒。专家指出,大洪水的发生有周期性特点,同量级大洪水,时间间隔越长,发生的概率就越高。1958年黄河下游发生22300立方米每秒的大洪水,属于60年一遇洪水,距今已59年;1982年黄河下游发生15300立方米每秒的大洪水,属于30年一遇洪水,距今已35年。

上一页6/16下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/10000169/20170925/31511514_6.html
Server: cms-8-252
Date: 2024/10/06 21:21:06

Powered by China
China