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去产能进入“深水区” 攻坚克难仍需多点发力

2017-09-21 15:32:01   中国经济网

中国东方资产管理股份有限公司首席经济学家吴庆认为,目前去产能的一些计划很强硬。比如,强制性让部分产能退出市场,留下的产能也有开工率限制或限产日期。在执行时难度很大,地方政府的执行进度可能跟不上中央计划的步伐。

刘元春强调,淘汰过剩产能涉及到地方政府和很多国有企业部门的利益。去产能就是要打破传统利益结构,但在这过程中并没有建立起有效的利益补偿机制,特别是区域间的补偿机制。因此,在不同区域会出现不同的实施效果。

目前在去产能过程中使用的并不全是市场手段,而大多是法律法规手段。国家信息中心经济预测部首席经济师祝宝良认为,法律法规在不同区域间的执法尺度有所不同,执行起来有松有紧。不同地区的标准不一定一样。同样的企业在京津冀可能得关掉,但在别的地方却可以运行。

政策显效 去产能进入“深水区”

国务院常务会议日前明确要求,坚定不移去过剩产能,发展改革委、工业和信息化部要彻底清查未纳入“地条钢”清单的落后钢铁产能,一旦发现从严处理,并严肃问责,防止死灰复燃。

事实上,不同行业在去产能过程中也有差异。兴业研究分析师毕成将过剩产能行业分为四类,一是深入去产能行业,包括钢铁和煤炭;二是逐步去产能行业,包括电解铝;三是开始去产能行业,包括火电和水泥;四是尚未开始正式去产能的其他过剩行业,包括化工、玻璃和船舶。

对于煤炭和钢铁等深入去产能行业,政策措施效果不断显现。中国煤炭工业协会数据显示,今年以来,煤炭去产能工作取得阶段性重要进展,截至7月底共退出煤炭产能1.28亿吨,完成年度目标任务量的85%。其中,内蒙古、辽宁、江苏、福建、河南、广西、重庆7个省(区、市)已超额完成全年目标任务。钢铁方面,发改委数据显示,截至5月末钢铁去产能完成年度目标任务的85%左右。截至6月底,全国共有27个省(区、市)取缔了存在的“地条钢”企业。

近期大宗商品和上游原材料产品价格也呈上涨态势。根据国家统计局流通领域重要生产资料市场价格变动情况显示,9月1日至9月10日,螺纹钢价格比上期上涨1.6%,报4180.2元/吨;线材价格比上期上涨2.2%,报4400.2元/吨。国家发改委发布的中国电煤价格指数显示,8月份中国电煤价格指数为509.74元/吨,比去年同期上涨37.86%。

但在“逐步去产能”和“开始去产能”行业,仍需进一步发力。从水泥行业来看,中泰证券分析师黄诗涛表示,相比与煤炭钢铁等行业较为直接的行政化手段,水泥的供给侧改革显得并不强势,这也是目前市场普遍预期较低的核心原因。水泥行业当前整体产能过剩的现状仍然严重,目前的供给侧改革仍停留在去产量阶段,实质性的去产能势在必行。

今年以来,去产能工作总体推进情况良好,但也存在落后产能死灰复燃的现象。业内人士表示,随着钢铁等行业去产能进入攻坚阶段,市场化、法治化手段或成为巩固去产能成果的重要方式。未来对于不符合标准的企业或项目,将依法依规坚决取缔,为高端先进产能成长留出空间。同时,从供给侧和需求侧协同发力,持续促进消费升级,推进产业结构调整和促进经济结构转型升级。

□本报记者 彭扬 实习记者 欧阳剑环 张行健

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