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去产能进入“深水区” 攻坚克难仍需多点发力

2017-09-21 15:32:01   中国经济网

刘元春称,对于环保不达标、技术水平不达标的企业,该关的要关,不能因为地方财政税收因素而违法规定。未来地方政府要强化环保、技术方面的底线管理。随着钢铁等行业去产能进入攻坚阶段,市场化和法治化手段或成为巩固去产能成果的重要方式。长江证券首席宏观分析师刘伟分析,目前我国市场化去产能手段主要包括以下几种方式:严格执行环保生产标准,提高落后产能的生产成本;大力发展绿色信贷;实施产能置换和减量置换方案;鼓励企业兼并重组等。

升级消费和促进应用也是市场化去产能的方式之一。刘英认为,要从供给侧和需求侧协同发力,持续促进消费升级。在供给侧,大力推进绿色化、有序化、品质化、标准化、差异化,重塑产业链、价值链和供应链,坚定推进产业结构调整和促进经济结构转型升级。在需求侧,比如稳定重点用钢行业的需求,进一步推进钢铁在汽车、机械装备、轨道交通、能源、船舶等领域的扩大应用和升级换代。

另外,对如何避免已淘汰的过剩产能死灰复燃,高玉伟表示:“要按照中央环保督查要求及有关环保法规和政策,对不符合环保、土地、规划、质量、安全等标准的企业或项目,依法依规坚决取缔,减少和避免资源占用、浪费,为高端先进产能成长留出空间。”

突破难点 因地制宜施策

当前在去产能工作的推进上仍有部分难点。中国银行国际金融研究所研究员高玉伟认为,首先是企业债务风险。去产能也可能带来企业负债率走高。尽管“债转股”成为企业积极尝试的方向,但金融整体收紧也令企业去产能、去杠杆存在顾虑。其次是产品价格走高令企业难以专心去产能。随着价格回升,各地去产能的决心或出现动摇,已经减产、停产的企业也有意复产,增加了化解过剩产能的难度。

高玉伟表示,随着生产资料价格好转,部分地区落后产能死灰复燃。过剩产能退出的并不彻底,有的则重新开工。“产能过剩的煤炭和钢铁企业很多是当地最大的工业企业,贡献很大比例的GDP和税收。同时,去产能过程中,也有部分员工的就业压力。因此,一些地区会出现落后产能死灰复燃的情况,甚至扩大生产。”中国人民大学重阳金融研究院研究员刘英坦言。

在中国人民大学副校长刘元春看来,去产能会使相应企业的部分设备、人员游离出来,也会涉及这些产能过剩行业中的债务问题。这两方面使得地方政府需要承担去产能的很多成本,比如人员安置和地方GDP损失的风险等。因此,一些地方政府或不愿意加大力度推进去产能。

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