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“1小时通勤圈”促城市群协同发展

2017-09-20 07:02:04   中国经济网

“车站是人流的集散地,车站本身会带来大量人气,特别是市域(郊)铁路的客流往往以通勤、商务、商业、休闲等为目的,所蕴含的商业价值极高。”荣西武分析说,从国外发展经验看,一个城镇在市郊铁路通达后,车站周边的土地价值将得到极大提升,并迅速形成该城镇的商业中心,周边的房地产也将得到迅速开发。如果在车站设计之初就有意识地进行TOD(以公共交通为导向的开发)规划设计,带来的提升会更加显著。因此,各乡镇必须审慎对接这次历史性机遇,提前做好车站周边地区的TOD规划,找准未来发展方向和定位。

王怀相认为,建高铁车站时,有些城市选择在远郊区,虽然起到了疏导交通的作用,但也客观上带来了居民出行成本的增加,城市要为此配建很多基础设施。如果能利用市域(郊)铁路的布局,把城市高铁线路和站点布局结合起来,可以使城市原有的基础设施得到更充分地利用。

对于鼓励把市域(郊)铁路的车站放在城镇中心的做法,王怀相表示,车站往往是人流比较集中的地方,对于小城镇而言,如果能够利用好市域(郊)铁路站点,形成人流密集,对于改善中小城市的产业结构和商业环境都有十分重要的意义。

形成稳定的投资回报率

通过车站周边土地价格增值、房地产经营、商铺及写字楼物业的开发获得收益

台州市域铁路S1线一期工程线路全长52.4公里,初步设计概算总投资228.19亿元,项目投资规模大、技术要求高。

今年6月,台州市发展改革委与中车联合体签署政府与社会资本合作协议。根据协议,该项目的资本金占总投资的40%,其中政府方出资20%,约为18.25亿元。PPP合作期为30年,期满后,项目资产无偿移交政府或其指定机构。

王怀相表示,相比于高铁,市域(郊)铁路的开发成本相对低,所需资金规模较小;串联的是大城市和周围的卫星城镇,沿线可开发的土地空间较大;运行的独立性较强,投资者在运行调度上有更大发言权。因此,市域(郊)铁路比高铁对社会资本更有吸引力。

《指导意见》明确,我国将建立政府投入、各类金融机构和社会资本相互支持的多层次、多元化投融资体系。加强政策引导,政府在安排资金时加大对市域(郊)铁路的支持力度。完善激励机制,鼓励社会资本全面参与市域(郊)铁路投资、建设、运营、管理等各个环节。

“吸引社会资本参与的关键,在于让社会资本能在市域(郊)铁路建设、运营过程中得到相应的回报。”荣西武指出,市域(郊)铁路建设的最大红利来自于沿线各车站周边商业开发和土地价值提升上。因此,可以参照港铁的经营模式,让铁路股份公司参与到各个车站周边土地的TOD开发中来,通过土地价格的增值、房地产的经营、商铺及写字楼物业的开发获得收益。

目前,阻碍国内车站TOD开发的最大障碍在于土地管理制度,一方面商业用地的出让必须招拍挂,无法确保铁路股份公司获得想要的地块;另一方面土地管理制度也较为滞后,交通用地无法用于商业、商务、居住等领域的开发,使得车站用地无法分层用于不同用途。因此,荣西武建议,应改革和完善现行土地管理制度,探索同一块土地用于不同性质经营活动的可能性及途径,并允许在三维空间上对土地产权进行界定。

王怀相建议,在推动市域(郊)铁路发展中,还要探索建立科学合理的市域(郊)铁路客运价格形成机制,以稳定的投资回报率来提高对社会资本的吸引力。(经济日报·中国经济网记者 林火灿)

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